Cja 314 Week 2

Prison Term Police Recommendation Proposal CJA/314 April 8, 2013 Paula Rutkowski Armed robbery is considered to be a serious offense in the United States and I would imagine that being robbed at gunpoint or with a big sharp knife would be a terrible experience for anyone to have to endure. In an effort to reduce the amount of armed robberies each year it is important to research different methods that would aid in the reduction of violent crimes that take place each year. As a criminologist advisor to a member of the state legislation, it is important that any recommendation be extremely solid.In my opinion, an extremely solid recommendation is not based solely on popularity; it is based primarily on statistics. Armed robbery is a violent offense that can have a devastating effect on a person’s life. These crimes are detrimental to the growth of society, which means that society needs to do as much as possible to decrease these acts of violence. It would be nearly impossible t o eliminate armed robberies completely but that does not mean that it should not be attempted.After careful consideration and tedious research it is my recommendation that anyone convicted without reasonable doubt by their peers in a court of law of armed robbery should have to serve double the maximum prison term. This type of deterrence, I believe, will prove to have successful results. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s Unified Crime Report, guns were used to commit armed robberies a majority of the time. The Unified Crime Report recorded that guns were used in 42. 6 percent of all reported armed robberies, knives were used 7. 7 percent of the time, dangerous weapons were reportedly used 8. percent of the time, and the remaining 41. 1 percent of robberies were by brute force or strong arm tactics. The Federal Bureau of Investigation defines armed robbery as â€Å"taking or attempting to take anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person or persons by force or threat of force or violence and/or by putting the victim in fear† (FBI, 2010). Deterrence has been around for ages and has proven to be successful, to an extent, in most cases. Deterrence is used to prevent the criminal from performing a criminal act. For example, the driving under the influence DUI) law in Arizona has proven to be a great deterrent. Every person that is arrested in Arizona for driving under the influence must serve mandatory time in jail. If you live in Phoenix, Arizona then you are more than likely going to spend time in what is known as â€Å"Tent City†. The Maricopa County Sheriff, Joe Arpio, partially owes his fame to the tents that he ordered constructed in the middle of the scorching hot desert to house his inmates. In the summer, temperatures can reach 120 degrees. This punishment, which is a major deterrent for people that would normally choose to drink and drive, has proven to be successful.Another deterrent that Sheriff Joe Arpio has implemented would be pink underwear. All inmates must wear pink underwear while they are in his desert facility. Fortunately for those busted by the Federal Bureau of Investigation pink underwear and jail cells out in the scorching hot desert are not anything that they must endure. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) shows in their Unified Crime Report that in 2009 there were 408,217 robberies reported nationwide. This is an 8. 8 percent decrease when compared to convictions one year earlier in 2008 (FBI, 2010).I believe that this decrease in crime, robberies to be specific, is mainly due to a crackdown nationwide on this type of violent crimes. People are sick of being victimized and or having a loved one be victimized by a person with a deadly weapon. This type of violent act is unacceptable and can have a devastating effect on a person. Imagine having your personal belongings taken from you while staring down the barrel of a gun. It would be a terrible experi ence that can change a person’s life forever. People often suffer from post-traumatic stress, which has an effect on our great economy.A person that suffers from this sort of stress is often times missing work, which results in missed wages and lower production. Also, the person that is suffering from post-traumatic stress is often times receiving some sort of treatment, such as personalized therapy, at the tax payers’ expense. I do agree that this therapy is in most cases warranted due to the fact that the victim underwent a life altering experience. However, if something can be done to prevent the crime from happening in the first place, which in return will save the victim, the tax payer, and the economy, then it is important that this law be implemented right away.Doubling the mandatory sentence for each and every criminal that is convicted of armed robbery will, in my opinion, greatly reduce the amount of armed robberies that take place in this country each year. If the criminal decides that they are still going to commit the robbery but decides to leave the weapon at home due to the consequences they must face if caught then passing the bill that will double the sentence for armed robbery will prove to be a great achievement for our great country. Deterrence will have then proven to be effective in the fight against this type of violent crime.The â€Å"would be† victim does not become a victim, which in return benefits our communities, our states, our great country, and the world. The recommendation to double the sentence imposed for armed robbery will prove to be a great success if you take my advice and pass this bill. Reference Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2009). Robbery. Retrieved April 8, 2013, from http://www2. fbi. gov/ucr/cius2009/offenses/violent_crime/robbery. html Supreme Court of the United States. (2000). Carter v. United States. Retrieved April 8, 2013, from http://www. law. cornell. edu/supct/html/99-5716. ZS. htm l

Existentialism and Humanistic Psychology Essay

Angst, in the very nature of its use in Existentialism, is a state of being that is not completely negative in itself as common people might think. In a more positive sense, I believe angst is the full recognition of one’s freedom. Angst is the result of one’s realization that he is free and that nothing will ever hold him back. It becomes negative because once a person gets a deeper understanding of how free he is, he tends to fear that he might not be able to do things right and since nothing is holding him back, there is nothing to blame in case he fails. In short, angst is â€Å"fear of the nothing† (Park, 1999). It is different from normal fear which comes from the environment and has an object and a possible solution. For example, I fear spiders so I stay away from dusty and old places. The object of the fear is ‘spiders’ and the solution is to ‘stay away from dusty and old places’. In angst, the fear comes from within and there is basically neither object nor solution. There is only angst. And that is what makes angst a terrible state. I think it is very difficult to feel this way because it is like asking questions with no answers. And if ever I get into this terrible state, I think will do one thing: convince myself to believe that there is nothing to fear and that I have my family who will accept me no matter what. Meanwhile, the whole concept of Humanistic Psychology (the American version of Existentialism, I’ve read) interests me in a special way. The different theories of Rogers, Maslow, Csikszentmihalyi, among others that I learned from Chapter 13 gave me a step by step understanding into the inquiry of my existence. I can’t conclude though that they all are right but certainly, they provide interesting thoughts worth pondering (especially Rogers’ 19 Propositions). The humanistic theories they present are different from the ones we learned in previous chapters because they focus on the experiences of the human person rather than on things that are inherent or already existing such as biology, genes, or hidden motives. This means that since the theories of Humanists such as Rogers and Maslow focus on continuing experience of the person, they give a more positive approach knowing that these experiences that shape a person can vary depending on how he reacts to events. In a simpler way, while Bem’s theories seem to say â€Å"Your mother has cancer so you will have cancer, too. It’s in the blood† humanists say â€Å"Your mother has cancer. With the right attitude and lifestyle, you can prevent having cancer yourself. † Humanists are a lot friendlier. I agree with these humanists, for the most part at least. I agree with the general thought of a person’s experience shaping his personality. However, there is one thing I personally disagree based on experience. Rogers said that â€Å"this outcome [fully functioning person] could only occur for individuals who had received unconditional positive regard from the important people in their lives† (Funder, 2007). I disagree with this because I know some people who, despite suffering from neglect from the people they love, still feel good about themselves and have great personalities. On the other hand, I give my nod to Maslow when he said â€Å"higher needs such as self-actualization could come to the fore only after more basic needs related to survival and security became satisfied† (Funder, 2007). I personally believe self-fulfillment is a hierarchy and a continuing process. Thoughts on Punishment and Efficacy Theory â€Å"Punishment is a useful technique of operant conditioning if it is applied correctly, which it almost never is† (Funder, 2007). I am especially caught by the last phrase of the quote: it almost never is. I think punishment is something that is very tricky. It is difficult to use in the appropriate way but if you get it right, bingo! It is very effective. What’s wrong with punishment is when one uses it in the wrong way. Self-Efficacy has always been my thing from the start, but I never realized it until I learned about it from our discussion. I have always been a positive thinker even amidst hard times. My working in Intel gives me new challenges every day and because of my belief that I can do all the demands of work, I accomplish them well. I live by the adage â€Å"Believe in yourself because if you don’t, nobody else will†. With this, I get more confidence to push on higher.

Impacts of Wireless Technologies on Education Essay

Abstract Education is can be defined as a reflection of the development of a society and as the foundation stone of the bright future of a nation whether 1st world or 3rd world has undergone drastic changes in the last fifty years. The advancement of the education sector is due to the fact that people have become creative and very innovative and are coming up with various technologies that are creating impacts in all spheres of life and education is no exception. Mind blowing wireless technologies are being developed every year geared to making living easier and more comfortable. Wireless technology has greatly revolutionized the field of education and its importance in learning institutions is noticeable and cannot be ignored. With the introduction of wireless technologies in education system it has become easier for teachers to impart knowledge and for students to acquire  the knowledge. Thus the use of wireless technology has made the process of teaching and learning enjoyable. The aim of this term paper is to explore the importance, the negative and the positive impacts of wireless technology in the education system. The positive impacts of technology on education have been phenomenal; actively using wireless internet and computers and wireless devices such as mobile phones as an effective means of establishing communication has seen educational institutions being able to deal with many issues that were previously not handled with ease due to long distances and geographical limitations or lack of adequate training technologies. Technology has also negatively impacted the education sector for example by creating poor teachers students relationship, as teachers just like students find it easier to share and circulate study materials by using wireless internet as a communication tool. IMPACTS OF WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES 5 Importance of Wireless Technology in Education Institutions The need to introduce wireless technology at an early age in life shows the importance of this technology in schools. Since wireless technology is being embraced as a way of life presently and it certain to be the future way of life, it is therefore good if students can obtain knowledge of the technological changes as early as possible. Children learn faster and can adapt to changes relatively easily. If children are trained during their school years, they have greater chances of becoming experts in technology at a later stage in life. Introducing wireless technology early to students is always beneficial in the long run. Since wireless technology is bound to be a part of their future, it is best to introduce them to it during school life as otherwise they will have to struggle learning it later in life. It is advisable to give them a basic idea of the wireless technological changes. The inclusion of wireless technology in the process of learning makes learning an enjoyable activity, thus inviting greater interest from the students. The vast knowledge from all around the world can be better brought about for the students and can be better adapted by them. The administration processes  which involve the official procedures of school can be simplified by the means of wireless technology. School records (the information about all the students and the teachers as well as other school employees) can efficiently be maintained by means of the advanced digital wireless technology such as a digital library system. A digital library system holding school records or a website can be maintained effectively through wireless technology IMPACTS OF WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES 6 Importance of Wireless Technology in the Classroom The importance of using wireless technology in education system especially within the classroom setup is as explained below; Active Participation Students learning through technology use the wireless internet to search for information. They then make their own decisions regarding the information i.e. whether it is relevant or irrelevant. Students have control over how to use or present this information. Thus, one of the main benefits of using technology for classrooms is that unlike a classroom led by a teacher, where students passively receive whatever information the teacher is providing, in tech savvy classrooms, students are active participants. In-depth Knowledge By using the wireless internet technology, obtaining information on all kinds of subjects has become very easy. A student sitting in his classroom can learn how people in a small village in Africa live life. Thus, Internet is a kind of digital library which is at the disposal of a student with just a click. A student can acquire in-depth knowledge on any subject using this vast resource and acquire diverse knowledge in the process. Real life work experience The use of wireless technology in the classroom offers experience to students similar to the working environment such as working in an office. In the wireless technology savvy classrooms, a teacher acts as a facilitator who sets project goals for the students and provides them with the necessary resources and guidelines to reach those goals. The student themselves makes decisions with regards to the design choices, the information they want to use and display, the resources that they will use. In addition, currently, students themselves are very tech savvy IMPACTS OF WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES 7 and may sometimes even know more than the teacher himself. So, there is a constant exchange of information between the students and the teachers. Such an environment prepares a student to work in business organizations in the future. Increased motivation Studies have shown that there is great importance of integrating wireless technology in the classroom. When students are taught through slide shows or by showing digitized films, it makes the lessons very easy and interesting for them. It helps in their learning, at the same time motivates them to attend school every day. Thus, another importance of technology in schools is that it brings down the drop-out rates. Technical skills Students using wireless technologies on a daily basis develop an understanding of the various wireless tools and software. This kind of education prepares the students and makes it easier for them to learn about the various software applications in future. IMPACTS OF WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES 8 Importance Of Wireless Technologies On Education Wireless technology plays a vital role in every sphere of life and education is no exception. The advent of this technology has deeply impacted the educational sector and also changed the way we live by impacting different facets of life and redefined living as a whole. Wireless technology has automated many boring manual tasks and also made it possible for many complex and critical processes to be carried out with ease and greater efficiency. Wireless technology has revolutionized the field of education and this importance in schools cannot be ignored. It has made it easier for teachers to impart knowledge and for students to acquire it. The use of wireless technology has made the process of teaching and learning enjoyable. Below are some of the importances of wireless technology. Wireless Technology has made student life easy Student  can use wireless technology to help them express themselves more clearly i.e. they can use much more than just pen and paper to express themselves or present what they have learned. They can use software to make presentations and projects. This makes them more interested in the subject and leads to better retention of information. With technological aids, they can make easy-to-remember notes and a creative presentation of the information they have acquired. It won’t be wrong to say that application of wireless technology has made a student’s life easy. It’s easier for students to carry a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) than carrying big fat books to school. More so an iPad is less bulkier than a pile of notebooks or an eBook reader much lighter than a book. IMPACTS OF WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES 9 Wireless Technology has made it easier to store information Wireless gadget that come with extended internal memory or Micro SD cards have enabled better and more robust storage of information. If you weigh chalk, board, books and notebooks against wireless technology, you find that wireless technology can substitute for any and all of these. Wireless technology has replaced chalk and board; the teacher can even use gadgets that can even do the talking sometimes while the teacher takes a step back and lets the presentations ‘speak’. Gadgets such as digital libraries require no physical space and students and teachers sitting in different parts of the world can access the same library at the same time. Compacted memory devices have replaced notebooks and a keyboard and computer mouse are the new writing devices. What may have required hundred pages of a book can be compacted into a tiny memory chip. It can take hours to write, but it takes only seconds to type. Sharing and storing data has become much easier, owing to wireless technology. Wireless Technology has enhanced easy access of information The Internet is a huge information base that can be used an effective tool for acquiring knowledge. Users of the web just key in queries to search engines and are presented with thousands of search results. There are several websites and web directories that offer information on literally  everything in the world. And all this is just a few clicks away. Both teachers and students can benefit from this. IMPACTS OF WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES 10 Wireless Technology has eliminated space and time constraints Online education and distance learning have given a new dimension to education and higher learning. Even if students are geographically far away from each other, they can be a part of one classroom virtually i.e. not physically but virtually. Many educational institutes offer online courses, which eliminates time and space constraints in acquiring education. Universities offer online educational programs wherein students can interact with their teachers over the Internet, access reference material from the University website and earn degrees online. Wireless Technology has enhanced teaching and sharing Wireless technology has made education has become more collaborative. With surplus information so easily available to students, they can be a part of the process; they don’t need to remain at the receiving end. Owing to the use of technology, subject experts can come together to formulate courses, design assessments and better the process of teaching. Students who have relocated to different parts of the world are able to seek advice from experts spread across the globe through the use of technologies such as the mobile telephones. Wireless Technology has enhanced teaching Wireless devices offer an interactive audio-visual medium. PowerPoint presentations and animation software can be used to present information in an interactive way. Owing to the audiovisual effects, this way of teaching invites greater interest from students. The method is equally helpful for teachers. Projectors and screens facilitate simultaneous viewing of information by a large number of students. Addressing systems using microphones and speakers make it possible for teachers to reach a larger number of students simultaneously. These teaching aids have led to improvements in student attendance and their attentiveness in class. IMPACTS OF WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES 11 Wireless Technology on mutual impact Currently, wireless technology is a part of school and college curricula. Considering the wide range of applications of wireless technology, it is thus necessary for everyone familiarize themselves with this technology. Considering the advantages of Internet technology, it is important for each of us to gain basic knowledge of Internet access and web research. We live in a technology-age and hence, it is important for us to be up-to-date with the latest inventions in the field. With education, we acquire knowledge of the functioning and use of different pieces of technology. And with the application of technology, we can educate ourselves better. This is the impact technology and education has on each other. Education boosts use of technology and technology aids education. IMPACTS OF WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES 12 Impacts Of Wireless Technology On Education Technology brings positive or negative impacts depending on how and for what purpose it’s being used. Positive Effects of Wireless Technology on Education Talking in a positive sense, the impact of wireless technology on education has been phenomenal. Using wireless internet and digital computers as en effective medium to establish communication between schools, teachers, students and parents; educational institutes have been able to handle many issues that were previously not handled with ease due to geographical limitations or lack of adequate training technologies. Enhanced Teaching and Learning Technological developments like digital cameras, projectors, mind training software, computers, PowerPoint presentations, 3D visualization tools; all these have become great sources for teachers to help students grasp a concept easily, as learning has become fun and enjoyable for students. They’re able to participate more in the classroom and even teachers get a chance to make their classes more interactive and interesting. The importance of wireless  technology in schools can be understood from the fact that it empowers the educational system and produces better students. Reduced Drop Out Rates Technology has also contributed to the decrease in dropout rates, improvement in student attendance and enhancement in their learning abilities. IMPACTS OF WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES 13 Confidence Booster Students being exposed to wireless technological wonders like digital computers and mobile phones, WI-FI internet and learning to operate. This helps them create their own special world and this gives them a feeling of being special. This makes them believe that they stand strong in global competition. Increased Cooperation Amongst Peers A majority of teachers have stated a very surprising fact that introducing wireless technologies in classroom has increased peer to peer interaction. Many students who’re comfortable in handling digital computers come out to lend a helping hand to students, who face problems in working on computers or any other wireless device. The importance of technology in the classroom goes beyond computers and Internet. Increased Knowledge Students who sincerely complete their assignments by referring to the surplus of information available on the Internet are able to develop good analytical and research skills. By referring to a large number of resources, a serious student utilizes his or her common sense and judgment skills to choose the best material and use it as an advantage to complete the project. By getting exposed to numerous ideas for their assignments and the creative ways to finish them, students develop excellent research abilities. IMPACTS OF WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES 14 No Geographical Limitations Wireless technologies have made it possible for the adoption of online degree programs offered both locally and  internationally. Students don’t have to be present physically in the classroom to acquire degree. Distance learning and online education has become an integral part of the education system nowadays. These online courses can be of great advantage to those students who are far away from these institutions of higher learning. Negative Effects of Technology on Education Poor Teacher – Student Relationship Wireless technologies don’t encourage strong teacher-student relationship. Students using wireless technologies tend to behave badly towards their teachers especially when it comes to communication since there are not one on one. Teacher – student interaction is something that is vital to understand intricate topics. The trend of blackboards wherein, teachers post online notes, lectures, assignments and other information has cultivated the habit of skipping college lectures amongst students. The use of the internet has made students disorganized and impatient. A lot of copying and pasting of information is done so that they can finish their assignment. Use of the school’s library is no longer relevant as searching for information from books or even online library facilities seems to be an overwhelming task for students. Its been observed that students are not productively utilizing technology for their growth. Students also don’t seek the teacher’s advice on difficult questions or about a difficult subject. IMPACTS OF WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES 15 Increasing Incidents of Cheating Wireless technological developments like graphing calculators, high tech mobile phones, high tech digital watches, mini cameras and similar equipment have become great sources to cheat in exams. It has now become easier for students to write formulas and notes on graphing calculators, with least chances of being caught. Lack of Focus Short Message Service (SMS) or text messaging has become a favorite pastime of many students. Students are seen playing with their cell phone, iPhones day and night, right from crossing a street, or driving and very often even between lectures. Students being everconnected to the internet world have View as multi-pages

Guantanamo Bay Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Guantanamo Bay - Essay Example The US has faced frequent attacks for holding inmates without trial and for their alleged mistreatment." (Guantanamo Bay). The United Nations has also got involved in the issue now and they have demanded for the immediate closure of this camp. The same has been strongly opposed by the US government and they have put forward that the inmates are treated very humanely in these camps and hence denying all the allegations made against the US. The camp was originally established to keep the suspected terrorists of Afghanistan. "Pentagon officials insist the US is entitled them to hold "enemy combatants" - who do not enjoy the rights of prisoners of war or US citizens accused of crimes - without charges or trial for the duration of hostilities. (Guantanamo Bay). The United nations have proofs of torture in these camps and hence they demand an immediate action by the US. The UN claim that the torture in these camps have reaches another level, the inmates are exposed to extreme temperatures and are fed through nasal tubes, the inmates are also exposed to extreme conditions produced by light and sound. ... The US soldiers slam the heads of the prisoners against the cell; many more unimaginable things are done by the US soldiers' day in and day out. "The US says interrogations are yielding useful intelligence, including some from inmates who have been detained for up to two years." (Guantanamo Bay). "The current Cuban government considers the U.S. presence in Guantnamo to be illegal and the Cuban-American Treaty to have been procured by the threat of force in violation of international law" (Guantanamo Bay). There have been enough proofs found which show that the US soldiers have crossed all the limits and hence they must immediately pull out of Cuba, else the world is likely to witness another war. Major Issues A recent article published in The Guardian claims that a former Guantanamo inmate is a present Taliban leader heading many major operations. This is very bad news for the US and for all the other countries fighting terrorism. The inmates are being treated unfairly by the US army and the same motivates the inmates to escape the Bay and avenge the unfair treatment that they got from the US army. This is a huge problem which must be sorted out as soon as possible, many more members will join Taliban in order to teach the US a lesson in other words to give them a taste of their own medicine. The world is very familiar with the way the US soldiers treated Iraqi citizens. It is not very difficult to figure out why the inmates are turning against the US and joining dangerous groups. "The new Talibanmilitarycommander leading attacks against British troops in southernAfghanistanwas released fromGuantnamo Bay15 months ago after persuading a US military tribunal that he wanted to live a peacef ul life with his family, according to US

My Leadership Style Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

My Leadership Style - Essay Example According to the textbook Generalist Practice with Organization and Communities, written by Karen Ashman and Grafton Hull, leading entails â€Å"working with other systems, whether individuals, families, groups, organizations, or communities†(K., & H., 2008). In terms of the workplace, leadership is a key component in ensuring an organization’s success. A part of ensuring this success is a leader’s ability to communicate effectively. Within the article, â€Å"Ingredients of a Good Leader, communication has several purposes. If a leader is a good communicator, they will be able to keep a positive environment for their team(Andolsen, 2008). This is due to the fact that effective communication will eliminate confusion. In my own experience, I have dealt with projects where nobody knew what their role was or what they were supposed to be doing. As a leader, I sat everyone down and clearly spelled out what their own individual task was and how it would interconnect t o the overall project. The ability to supervise can be a rather tedious and difficult task. It is not easy to know how hands on to be or how hands off to be. A careful balance must be struck and a good leader will be able to identify that balance. There are a few key areas that a leader must be adept at when supervising others. Andolsen reveals that being able to recognize a person’s abilities, delegating tasks, and the ability to set standards and discipline are important factors in being successful at supervising(Andolsen, 2008). Delegation is where the leader hands out tasks that must be accomplished. Delegation goes hand in hand with recognizing someone’s abilities. If a person is particularly strong in one area, the leader should try to delegate tasks to this person that will play on those same strengths. In my own experience, I have been in charge of a few projects, both academic and professional, where I needed to hand over the reigns to another person and super vise their progress. It is difficult to do because if they mess up, the fault remains with the supervisor. Finally, a good leader needs to be able to work as a team. This is similar to the idea of leading by example in that the team needs to be able to see the leader in a more equal position. Team work is another way to do this. The first step in this process is to create a â€Å"spirit of team work. Andolsen defines this as â€Å"the belief that there is value in the work being done and that it can only be accomplished by a cooperative synergy among team members†(Andolsen, 2008). In a spirit of team work, everyone on the team must feel that they are an important asset and are of value. Team work and the spirit of team work can also determine how well the leader and their team will work together. In the article entitled, â€Å"Generosity and the Moral Imagination in the Practice of Teamwork† the importance of team work is discussed. â€Å"We should think carefully ab out the discourses within which we work and how needs are assessed and represented because these effect†¦ trust, interpersonal relationships, and†¦ultimately meeting staff needs†(Arber, 2009). When a leader is able to successfully incorporate a spirit of team work, they are likely going to strengthen their team in terms of being able to meet goals and also to instill a collaborative feeling for their team. In order to motivate other people to complete their goals, it is important to lead by example. Within the article enti

ARTICLE BRIEF Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

BRIEF - Article Example The authors examined the state case law on this subject but excluded other forms of taxes with the exception of federal personal income tax. They focussed on the case law of all states and the District of Columbia.Purpose was to compile the set of course decisions that address the reasons as to whether an award adjustment and injury instruction were appropriate in light of the tax-free character of the award. They then determined if the case law cited was still good law. The focus of the results of the research is on the legal reasoning applied in deciding whether to adjust for taxes and instruct the jury on taxes. Some of the information came from articles that appeared in state law series in the Journal of Forensic Economics. The current status of tax treatment is an issue that forensic economists and the retaining counsel should address. The results offer the forensic economist the opportunity to explore the legal reasoning behind the treatment of the tax-advantaged status of awards in personal injury and wrongful death type cases for states that courts previously ruled on the matter (Guner, 2014). Other 30 states mandate that the courts do not make adjusting for taxes at least in personal injury type cases. Included among these cases are ones that in wrongful death actions permit consideration of income taxes that the decedent would have paid.However, the death is a separate issue from adjusting the award as it will be received on a tax-advantaged basis. In deciding whether to adjust or not to adjust for the federal personal income tax and wrongful death litigations the courts took into account the statutes available for the different states. They also based their decisions on the type of cases. For example, in some states the courts only adjusted for taxes in cases of dental and medical mal practise (Gordon, 2012). The question of instructing the juries on tax adjustment require that a tax expert is present in most of the

Dubai Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Dubai - Essay Example Dubai has a unique new exciting story of more than fifty years. The city has emerged from a poor fishing village to the fastest growing city in the world. Going back to the history, education was given priority in the different Emirates prior to the confederation. The Emirate of Dubai started educating it children in 1954. A few facts about the simplest basics of the country are men out number man in the male to female ratio of the country. All university tuitions are paid for by the states. All books stationary and study materials provided free of charge to the student. If the student works and studies, he/she is paid the salary for the job. From this, the business and infrastructure success story of Dubai is not hard to establish. 'In the 1990s the three fastest growing cities in the world were Dublin, Las Vegas and Dubai. This has accelerated in the 21st century with 23% population growth in Dubai in the past four years. The present real estate boom is obvious enough, particularly in the Jebel Ali-Dubai corridor. Today Dubai is the trading, business and increasingly financial hub of the Middle East, and for parts of Africa, the CIS and even the Indian subcontinent. It's a vast hinterland for such a small place' (Peter J. Cooper 2006).In the 1970s oil wealth turned the UAE from a desert kingdom to a modern metropolis, and its rulers took a keen interest in this development. Not for them the idleness and corruption that afflicted some nations blest with oil wealth. While the oil wealth can be considered as one of the reasons for the growth of Dubai, there are also other factors which could be considered as the key factors in developing the city state to be one of the best in the world. In Dubai the late Sheikh Rashid developed his tiny emirate into a trading hub with the timely development of port infrastructure and a driving ambition to invest oil wealth back into the local economy. Again this was sharply at variance with the policy of investing oil wealth ab road pursued in many countries (Peter J. Cooper 2006). In a yet another move towards the success, Dubai was to become the business and commercial hub of the Middle East. The Dubai Government and the leading local families invested even more into the physical infrastructure of the emirate and pursued more and more ambitious plans. 'Surprisingly, to many observers, most of them succeeded, usually better than expected. Perhaps it was because the Government could act decisively, eliminating red-tape and shortening the planning process to a simple 'build it there' decision by the CEO of Dubai Inc. as Sheikh Mohammed is often known' (Peter J. Cooper 2006). The Modern History of Dubai in BriefWithin recorded history, Dubai started as a fishing village probably some time in the 18th century. It was a dependency of the sheikhdom of Abu Dhabi and its inhabitants were probably mostly Bani Yas. In 1833 a group of about 800 people of the Al Bu Falasah subsection of the Bani Yas seceded from Abu Dhabi and settled in Dubai. The leaders of the exodus, Ubaid bin Saeed and Maktoum bin Buti, remained joint leaders until the death of the

Principles of Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Principles of Human Resource Management - Essay Example This type of appraisal should also provide qualitative and quantitative results as they provide a better understanding. The language used in an excellent performance appraisal should be neutral. Life after retirement can take a better meaning if it is well planned for before retirement. In order to live a happy retirement life it is important lay more emphasis on retirement plans. This planning is important in various ways; for one it eradicates the feeling of uselessness for the retired person. It also enables the retired person to live healthy and feel satisfied in life. During the job due to the constraint associated with work one is not able to indulge in certain hobbies such as travelling, therefore it is important to plan for this after retirement. It also reduces dependency on children who also have there own issues to handle. Many companies have started offering retirement counseling which is important for retirement planning. Companies have come to realize that their workers suffer a lot after their retirement due to lack of awareness. As a result this counseling emphasizes on matters of health both physical and mental which affects most of the retired people. The oncept of comparable worth is a social, economic and political issue which is concerned with gender-related pay scale in the workplaces according to Landy and Conte (223). . It requires that both men and women should be paid the same if they are doing work of comparable value in the same workplace. Though many consider the issue of comparable worth as gender neutral, according to me the social perspective of the issue is based on gender specificity as it focuses more on women payments compared to men payments. As a result it has resulted to the devaluation of work done by women. There are various job incentives which are beneficial to all employees. However some are more preferable than others. For instance some of the

Is Interstellar Space Travel Feasible Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Is Interstellar Space Travel Feasible - Essay Example ose Interstellar space travel has been developed with the help of which the scientists are able to explore the world beyond the realm of the planet Earth. However several questions are now being raised regarding the feasibility of interstellar space travel. In my view interstellar space travel is not a feasible option but on the other hand it is the only option through which the scientists can explore the world. Thus with further development of interstellar space travel the scientists will be able to achieve a feasible way to explore this world. This paper would explain all the aspects of the interstellar space travel and it would come to a conclusion as to if interstellar space is feasible or not. Interstellar space travel can be said to be the use of resources and transports to travel between stars. It can be seen that with the help of several way of transports involved in interstellar space travel one can be able to travel outside the earth and explore the universe. One important way of travelling to the space is by the use of rockets which has proved to be successful in the modern world. It is seen that scientists have been able to discover a lot about the planets and that is not with the help of interstellar space travel but interplanetary travel. In my view interstellar space travel is feasible only with a few changes otherwise it might put risk to several individuals involved in the process of interstellar space travel. It can be seen that travelling through stars is a much more complicated task than to travel from planet to planet. The main problem of travelling between planet to planet and planet to star is the comparative amount of distance between these two. The dis tances of the space are measured in a way through which the speed of a light is first measured. The speed of the light is measured as per the criteria of time so that one can know how much a beam of light can travel for a given set of time. Vacuum can be said to be a space which is devoid of

Managing People-Exam Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Managing People-Exam Questions - Essay Example More specifically, in small businesses; like that of Specialist Computers, the employee satisfaction is an important factor because if the employees do not feel catered or motivated they would prefer to switch or quit their job. And losing employees is a big issue for an organization that is operating in a small scale. The processes or theories of motivation can be divided into two main categories. By applying these two theories, employees can be persuaded to work effectively which would be beneficial for the company (Oppapers, 2008): The content theories define and argue that the employee or an organization possesses the same needs and feelings. It emphasizes on the factors that motivate an employee. The content theories basically and more specifically deal with the individual needs and aspirations of an employee. By gaining sight and understanding of one’s needs, it becomes easy for the managers or authorities to make the work place environment a better place for their co-workers and for the employees of the company. In 1943, Maslow represented his theory of needs. According to him, it is important to identify the needs of an employee one by one, and not collectively. It means that one should try to overcome the needs one by one because when one level of need is acquired then it will no longer remain a need but will become a motivation for the employees to work. As soon as one need or level of need is managed than it is important to look for another so that it can be satisfied. For him, the level of need varies from physiological to self actualization. If we analyze his theory, the facts that come before us would be the needs that are preferred less, like the thirst or hunger should be dealt first because when these needs are fulfilled then the bigger issue will be easy to handle (Beck, 2003). The theories of both, Aldefer and Maslow are considered to be the best among all the presented for the organizational behavioral. As these belong to

Organisational Behaviour Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Organisational Behaviour - Assignment Example pre-entry and post-entry individual-level criteria. This paper contains information collected from a series of published articles, presentations from different conferences, working papers and dissertation projects. Unpublished works and in-press research works are also a part of data collection for this paper. Strengths The meta-analysis is conducted after considering a large collection of resources and keeping aside certain aspects of the variables as exclusions. One can find noteworthy heterogeneity in the process of conceptualizing and measuring the fit. This comes from a thorough understanding of the fit’s impact on individual level outcomes. In the later part of this paper, an underlying principle, drawn from the existing theories, has been provided for the conceptual and methodological issues. It is expected that these issues would moderate the relationships between fit-outcome. The meta analyses, the criteria and moderator analyses for the four kinds of fit are represen ted in a well structured tabular form. This makes it easy to study the outcomes and make a comparison among the results. Weaknesses This paper is a qualitative review of literature existing on person-interaction fit. However, the relationships cannot be flawlessly captured by running polynomial regression. Besides, in metadata analysis measurement errors remain due to lack of reliability of measurement of fits. The paper does not contain any first hand data or primary research. Nor does it contain any raw data collected and analyzed. It is rather a survey of literatures and quantification of the information gathered. Above all methodological flaws do exist in the studies considered. For instance, the reliabilities for the variables were not reported and not corrected for measurement error. Again, polynomial regression does not support fit analysis at times. Practically no research has been conducted on validation of multidimensional approaches. Suggestions for improvement Criteria l eading to the results of the meta analysis are found to have been predicted by the different sorts of relationships in person-environment interaction. These relationships are subject to change with continuous flow of modernization. Thus these relationships would not adhere to the symmetrical notions of good fit. Hence this research can be revisited after exploring the individuals’ cognitive schemas. More attention could be focused on other dimensions of fit which are unexplored. This could include the different types of PG and PS fit along with the types of PO fit. The idea of taking fit as a dependent variable also needs to be reconsidered. Knowledge sharing, organizational climate, and innovative behavior: cross-level analysis of effects Yu, Yu and Yu (2013) have presented their paper titled â€Å"Knowledge sharing, organizational climate, and innovative behavior: cross-level analysis of effects† with the purpose of investigating behavior of employees, interaction am ong the employees and their level of knowledge and the climate of innovation in the organization. Primary research has been conducted for the methodology of research. Through the study, it has been discovered that there is a positive a positive relationship between the climate of organizational behavior and innovative behavior. There were two levels of instrument for the collection

Instructional Communication Essay Example for Free

Instructional Communication Essay Instructional Communication Instructional Communication can be best explained as the transfer of information in a teaching environment. There are a lot of aspects that is associated with Instructional Communication. The contexts that are most relevant to my career are teacher to teacher communication, teacher to student communication, comprehension of information, and technology used in the setting. These four aspects make up my career as a public affairs instructor for the Department of Defense. Instructional communication is very important to the field of communication. Instructional communication is implemented everyday all around the world. It is implemented in schools and in job settings. This type of communication is how we relate information to new people on the job or students in a classroom. In order to determine the depth of comprehension we have to analyze formal and summative assessments of the students. During the course that I instruct, we also use technology to convey information as well as have the students to use technology to complete projects that are due during the course. Instructional communication has several different contexts located within it. I feel that the most important context would be teacher to student communication. It is extremely important as a teacher or an instructor to be able to convey the information to your audience and them be able to comprehend what you are talking about. It is also very important that students ask questions or talk about the material that is being covered to show understanding. According to Karaduz, (Karaduz, 2010) â€Å"An important part of instructional services involves giving messages to students about how they should learn and become involved in the learning process, giving those stimuli for reinforcement, identifying the gaps in their learning, and amending these gaps. An effective instructional process thus requires strong communication skills along every step. It is through language that a healthy communication is established, student interest is aroused, and ways of comprehending, practicing and retaining information are clarified. Karaduz said a lot in these few sentences. He talked about how important communication is between student and teachers. What good do teachers do when the students cannot understand the teacher’s message? Teacher and student communication is so important in any instructional setting. The next most important part of instructional communication is teacher to teacher communication. It is handy to have colleagues that you can ask questions or get advice about certain criteria. I have worked as a public affairs person for the last seven years. Of that seven years 2 ? of them has been in a combat area. In this intense atmosphere I have learned pretty much everything that I teach my students at the Defense Information School. A lot of times other instructors come to me for information on what should happen in a certain situation in a combat area. I think that teacher to teacher communication is extremely valuable and you should take a advantage of it. According to Lance (Lance, 2010), â€Å"when administrators value collaboration between teacher-librarians and classroom teachers and when teacher-librarians and their classroom colleagues report that it happens more frequently, students are more likely to master ICT standards and more likely to earn advanced scores on state reading and language arts tests. † This study linked collaboration between faculty and students scores. Lance showed that when faculty collaborated on instructional information and objectives the student’s scores went up on formal assessments. Another context of instructional communication is comprehension assessment. As an instructor I have to assess the students learning to see if they have learned the specific objectives to move on to the next part of the course. If students do not meet those objectives then they fail and are recycled to another program. I use different kinds of assessments to check the depth of their knowledge of the material. The students have written assignments, formal assessments, and a Field Training Exercise (FTX). The students also have time to redo any work that they have failed in order to receive a better grade. I provide feedback within two days of the after the due date of the assignment. I provide feedback and remedial for any student that is deemed in need or feels that they need the extra help. Since we try to communicate very well with the students our fail rate is between 2 to 4% each course. Technology is the last item that is very important to instructional communication. â€Å"Based on the immersive interface that underlies virtual worlds such as Second Life and World of Warcraft, virtual environments allow the enactment of complex situations with tacit clues, imulation of scientific instruments, virtual experimentation, simulated collaboration in a team, and adaptive responses to students’ choice—all captured and recorded in data streams (Clarke-Midura, 2010),† according to Jody Clarke-Midura and Chris Dede. In this century technology has advanced so much. We have social media sites, PowerPoint presentations, email, and other was to communicate in and out of t he classroom. I learned that when you do not have proper communication things tend to follow apart.

How Software Utilities Can Improve Computer Science Essay

How Software Utilities Can Improve Computer Science Essay All software utilities have been designed and made to improve the performance of computer systems. These software utilities can be an advantage to Sam because he does not know much about computers and is new to this electrical machine. Some functions and features that software utilities perform can be done manually but only by experienced and professional. Most new users cannot carry out such operations, which will improve the performance of his computer system manually. A computer system can maintain upmost computer performance through utilities and are suggested how they maintain computer performance below. Security (Anti-virus, Anti-Spyware and Firewall): There are two main areas to security within a personal computer that need to be maintained through the use of a software utility. One is firewall, a software utility which prevents unknown people and viruses from entering your computer. A firewall acts like a wall and a boundary between the computer and the internet. It only allows such connections that have a trusted certificate with them. If a person is not protected from such threats, other people can manipulate his computer or delete everything from his computer. The other security utility that is needed with in the computer is standard software that works in the background and checks for any viruses within the computer. These types of viruses enter a persons computer from a cd, usb or any other external sources which dont have access through the internet. You can get a utility software that functions both of these features. This is more convenient, takes less hard drive space, uses less CPU/RAM usage and also costs less. Anti-spyware software and utilities are needed on every computer especially if one is to use his computer for business work and contains valuable data on his operating system. Sam has the intention of buying a computer for his business work hence he wouldnt want anyone to take his data. Anti-spyware is a software that is designed and created for the sole purpose to detect and prevent spyware program installations. And if it finds one that is already installed on your pc then it will remove it instantly. Spyware can affect the performance of the computer system because it takes up hard drive space and also runs in the background of the computer (hence uses CPU and RAM memory). Sam can use a software utility such as SUPER AntiSpyWare. This will help Sam keep his information safe and secure. Malicious computer hackers, data-destroying viruses, and email spam are the main but few different possible threats to your personal security and your operating system. Without protection, hackers can gain control of any information stored on your computer and also disturb computer performance. It could go to the extent that the hacker can wipe out your operating system. By not being protected you can also encounter viruses; these sorts of programs are designed to damage, disable, or do other unwanted actions to your computer. To prevent these undesirable actions you can use a software utility such as Norton 360 or Kaspersky Internet Security Special Ferrari Edition. This software utility is made to protect against Viruses, Malware and also to stop threats from entering your computer. Been protected ensures that your computer performance should run smoothly. Sam needs his computer to be protected because he is going to be using his computer for business. He will have valuable data on their as customer details are should not be lost or stolen. Defragmentation: Defragmentation is process done to a hard drive in order to recover some lost disk space and also to improve the computers performance. Defragging is a vital process which needs to take place on your hard drive. If a hard drive is not defragmented, then over time the drive will slowly reduce the available capacity on the drive and begin to create performance issues. When you defrag your hard drive you re-arrange the order in which the data is stored on the drive to ensure that the good files and folders are set first so that the computer doesnt spend time searching for them. The PC will arrange the data so that data that belongs together and needs to be read together is actually put in the same place on the drive. You can defrag your computer using the software utility called defraggler. This software will guarantee your hard drives clean-up and tidying hence improve your operating systems performance. Sam needs to defragment his computer because if he doesnt then his computer will c lutter and form a load of useless files. This will then cause performance issues. Clean up Cookies and Internet History: Clean-Up is basically a utility that clears out all temporary files that dont need to be kept within the computer. This includes clearing all temporary files, emptying the Recycle Bin, removing all unwanted user data from sources such as the Internet cache, history and cookies. This can help the performance of a computer because it takes out and removes all of the waste permanently. A utility which carries out these actions is CCleaner. This makes sure that there is no clutter left in your operating system. Sam will have to use this system utility on a regular basis to keep his computer running at a good speed. Back up: Back-Up is a small saved copy of an operating system. This copy is made for emergency cases, where a persons computer has a vital breakdown and the only option available for the computer to properly function again is that you use the back up to restore your computer. You can use a utility software/tool such as CCleaner to create a backup for your operating system. Back-ups can be saved on the primary internal hard disk but if anything is to go wrong with the hard disk then you can lose all of the files including the back-ups made. This is why it is better to make back-ups on external devices such as USBs, CDs, Floppy Disks and external hard drives. Sam is going to be using his computer for business and needs to back up his work. Business data is valuable and cannot be lost. Screensaver: Screen Savers that are downloaded from random websites are normally the ones which affect the computers performance. There are also the flashy and very complex types of screensavers that affect computer performance. This is because the screensaver takes up some of the CPU (Central processing unit) usage and leaves less for the computer to run on then it would without the screensaver. One way of removing this is by getting to this address within the computer (Control PanelAppearance and PersonalizationPersonalization) then clicking on screensaver and applying one of the built in screensavers because these are less complex and also use up less CPU usage. It would be better to completely remove the screen saver and use the hibernating feature within the computer but to suite your needs I would only recommend the built in computer screensavers. If you dont like the screensavers provided than you should download some from the Microsoft website. Sam doesnt really need a screensaver; this i s because there isnt much benefit to a screensaver. If Sam wishes to use one then I advise his to use simple one for example the system default ones. Compression: Compression is when you reduce the size of files by changing its coding to a more efficient coding. This is done to make up more space on the hard drive. Compression doesnt remove and free a massive amount of space but every bit of space counts. Hence a computer with loads of files, when compressed can make a big difference and free a lot of space. Sam can save space on his hard drive by compressing his files. Driver updates: Updating your drivers is very important; whether it may be software updates or hardware updates. Normally when you buy a printer, the printer comes with a software driver CD. This familiarises people with the fact that software need to be updated but they are not normally familiar with updates for hardware devices, such as Intel devices, graphics cards and chipsets. These need to be updated to improve computer performance. New drivers are made by the company of the product and fix bugs, improve the security of the devices and give better performance. To find out which hardware and software drivers need updating, you could use a utility such as Driver scanner 2013 from Uniblue. This tool will scan all your operating system to tell you what drivers need updating. Having all your drivers updated your operating system should run at optimum speed. Sam needs to update his drivers because this helps to fix bugs and other performance issues. Operating system diagnostics: Operating system diagnostics is when you come up across a problem and then your computer gives you the option diagnose problem. The computer will then search for the solution to the problem. Once it finishes diagnosing then it will either give you the solution to the problem or it will tell you that it cant find the solution. For example when you internet is not connected and you open up your browser then it will give you some advice for why your internet is coming on and it will also give you the diagnose problem message. This will be of good use to Sam because he is new to computers and will not have enough knowledge on solving his computer problems. Conclusion: Over time, a computer may accumulate a lot of unnecessary data and a lot of errors. This can easily wear the performance of the computer down and can affect the operating system of the PC. Because of this you should use a computer utility program/or programs that would be able to provide the necessary help that you need in order to help maintain a smooth operating system. The best PC utilities manage and cover a wide range of problems. This is more beneficial, saves money and also hard drive space. Some recommendations for Sam, to stop his computer from accumulating performance issues. Security: (Anti-Virus, Anti-Spyware and Firewall) -Run daily checks on your computer to viruses. -Keep your firewall on all the time. -Try to get a utility that contains all of these softwares in one. (Panda Antivirus Pro 2013) System Maintenance: Defragmentation- Defrag your computer every six months. Clean-Up- Run a clean-up on your computer every two weeks. Back-Up- back up your computer every two to three days. Screen Saver- runs a very basic screensaver but you will be better without one. Compression-compress your files whenever you find a folder full of clutter. Cookies and Internet History- should be done as part of a clean-up check but you need to clear you cookies and internet history every two weeks. Diagnostics: Driver Updates- drivers need to be updated every time a new update is released. Operating System Diagnostics- is just a problem finder and solution raiser. Use whenever in need of this service. These recommendations should stop your computer from accumulating performance issues.

Hydrocarbons Transport Systems: Testing Safety Valves

Hydrocarbons Transport Systems: Testing Safety Valves

Essay --

A classic is defined as â€Å"an author or literary work of the first rank, especially one of demonstrably enduring quality† according to the dictionary. Classic works are treasured by the experiences in novels that relate back to the reader, they hide emotions that float to the surface once you feel the pain of the characters truly come to life; with classic novels every read should feel as though it were the first. John Green’s The Fault in Our Stars could easily become a classic novel one day; while reading this novel readers can understand Hazels passiveness, have experienced the love that’s being shared within the pages, and the book just can’t be put down because of its dry humor that makes readers want more. Hazel, the passive teenager, puts a lot of effort into trying not to hurt other people. Today it seems as though America as a whole does this same thing though? She tries to make things easier for everyone in her life because she's afraid of hurting them. Everyone during their lifetime holds things in or hides small facts for the safety of family and friends, no one wants to be...

Minor League Baseball: Boom Or Bust To Communities? :: essays research papers

Minor League Baseball: Boom or Bust to Communities?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Despite the occasional disappointment, minor league baseball provides many communities with economic development and an improved quality of life. Communities as small as Elizabethtown, Tennessee or as large as Phoenix, Arizona have shared the common bond of being the homes of major league farm teams. This is referred to as the National Association of Professional Baseball, or more commonly known as the â€Å"minor leagues.† As the popularity of major league baseball seems to be decreasing due to the recent player strike, free agency, and anti-trust labor laws, minor league baseball has generated excitement that can only be associated with baseball in the good old days. This excitement is a purity of spirit which the majors no longer possess. â€Å"It is baseball in its simplest form-- just ball, bats, gloves, and lifelong dreams. The parks are generally small, the players, hardworking young men whom local fans are likely to run into the next day at the mall or maybe the corner bar. A family of four can see a game, eat dinner--maybe even pick up a souvenir or two--without having to consider a second mortgage. No lockouts, no holdouts, no five-dollar beers, and the umpire is the only one who can call a strike. â€Å"Just the national pastime, played the game it is,† says one editor of The Minor League Baseball Book.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are currently 156 teams that are part of the National Association of Professional Baseball. This number will grow in the next few years with the addition of two expansion teams at the major league level. There have also been a number of independent leagues formed which are said to be the â€Å"future of minor league baseball.† The success of these teams have shown how the value of these franchises have grown over the past ten years. In the past, class AAA teams would sell for three hundred thousand dollars while a smaller class A team went for fifty thousand. Today the class AAA teams are being sold for as high as five million dollars while class A teams are going for around one million. The best example of the fact that franchises have grown in value over the years is the Reading Phillies. Joe Buzas, a minor league baseball entrepreneur, has owned and operated twelve minor league teams in seventeen cities since 1956. In 1976, Buzas bought the Reading Phillies franchise for $1. Ten years later in 1986 he sold it for $1,000,000.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The addition of minor league baseball to communities can provide many benefits. The greatest benefit is the overall economic lift that minor league

Digital Communication

Joshua Feliciano – 110445 Mr. Basile IB ITGS – 11 4. 27. 2010 Digital Communication in the 21st century Digital communication can be defined as an electronic transmission of information that has been encoded digitally. This specifically means that digital communication is data communication of information that is converted from text to code digitally. Digital communication can also be effective communication dealing with web, multimedia, video or graphics, and digital media. Some forms of digital communication can be texting, IM, e-mail, podcasting etc. Digital communication plays an important part in today's daily life in many different perspectives. In today's age, most people find digital communication a lot more easier and teachers and professors find it a bit more comprehensive. Today’s companies and organizations, use different types of media to reach and retain their audience. Digital communication helps jobs and businesses communicate a lot faster through e-mail, multimedia, texting, power point, presentations etc. As for students in any school or college, all these digital communication advantages also help and make it a lot more accessible. Throughout the decades, technology has improved drastically and gets more highly skilled as time goes on. In the past there was no such thing as digital communication. All communication was through hand written letters, phone calls, or people would just have to go visit whoever it is in person. Digital communication has made a huge change and difference in today's age. Its more comprehended and explanatory. In today's society a lot more can be accomplished with the digital communication and technology that exists today. Some of these digital communications can be text messaging, video or graphics, multimedia, podcasting, and digital media. Back then in about the 1990's, there was no such thing as any of these digital communications and advantages. Video or graphics and multimedia may have been in useable but, it definitely wasn't as advanced, updated, or even in good picture quality as today's technology and digital communication. This is significant in a couple of different ways. Not only is everything faster, and looks nicer but, all the improved technology saves every individual a lot of time in their life. With all the development and improved technology, digital communication has really made a difference for people in today's age. Digital communication contains many advantages and disadvantages. Some being good and others being bad. Advantages of digital communication can be that it is faster and easier, no paper is wasted, messages can be stored in the device for longer times without being damaged unlike paper files that easily get damages, it can be done over large distances through internet and other things, it is comparatively cheaper and the work which requires a lot of people can be done simply by one person as folders and other such facilities can be maintained, and it provides facilities like video conferencing which save a lot of time, money and effort. Digital communication also contains many disadvantages which can be that it is unreliable as the messages cannot be recognised by signatures, sometimes the quickness of digital communication is harmful as messages can be sent with the click of a mouse, it has completely ignored the human touch in which a personal touch cannot be established because all the computers will have the same font, and greater bandwidth. In conclusion, digital communication can be defined as the ability to create communications in different media, which can be its websites, video, audio, text, or animated multimedia. It's important in today's society because it's much faster and more understanding other than having to deal with letters that you can't comprehend. In today's age, digital communication can be more visible and more fun with the advancement of video or graphics, multimedia, podcasting text messaging, e-mail etc. This is significant because everything is much faster and more advanced. Overall digital communication had its advantages and disadvantages some being good and some being bad which in the end was still a very successful improvement of today's technology. Work Cited http://www. adobe. com/education/presentation/digital_communication/ http://www. macromediastudiomx. biz/uk/education/solutions/pdfs/dc_for_all_students. pdf http://www. answerbag. com/q_view/31169

Income Measurement and Profitability Analysis

Chapter 5 Income Measurement and lettuceability abridgment exercises feat 51 indispensableness 1 Alpine West should differentiate receipts over the ski indurate on an anticipated usage basis, in this case equally throughout the season. The detail that the $450 expenditure is nonrefundable is not relevant to the revenue learning decision. gross should be accepted as it is acquire, in this case as the services are provided during the ski season. necessity 2 November 6, 2013 immediate payment450 Un bring in revenue450 To temperament the capital gathering December 31, 2013Unearned revenue ($450 x 1/5)90 revenue90 To bed revenue earned in December (no revenue earned in November, as season starts on December 1). extremity 3 $90 is included in revenue in the 2013 income statement. The $360 remaining balance in honorary revenue is included in the real liability section of the 2013 balance sheet. Exercise 53 fate 1 2013 embody convalescence % $234,000 = 65% ( tax inco me dough % = 35%) $360,000 2014 cost recovery % $245,000 = 70% ( megascopic value % = 30%) $350,000 2013 hoggish breadCash ingathering from 2013 receipts realise revenue of $150,000 x 35%=$52,500 2014 gross boodle Cash gathering from 2013 gross gross revenue of $100,000 x 35%=$ 35,000 +Cash collection from 2014 sales of $120,000 x 30%= 36,000 full 2014 gross hit $71,000 Requirement 2 2013 deferred gross salary balance 2013 initial gross acquire ($360,000 234,000)$126,000 less(prenominal) Gross returns accepted in 2013 (52,500) offset in deferred gross bring in account$73,500 2014 deferred gross increase balance 2013 initial gross hit ($360,000 234,000)$ 126,000 Less Gross boodle acknowledge in 2013 (52,500)Gross mesh acknowledge in 2014(35,000) 2014 initial gross net income ($350,000 245,000)105,000 Less Gross loot recognized in 2014 (36,000) Balance in deferred gross profit account$107,500 Exercise 54 2013 episode receivables360,000 Inventory234,000 Deferred gross profit126,000 To commemorate sequence sales 2013 Cash150,000 installing receivables150,000 To phonograph enter specie collections from facility sales 2013 Deferred gross profit52,500 completed gross profit52,500 To recognize gross profit from installment sales 2014 Installment receivables350,000Inventory245,000 Deferred gross profit105,000 To record installment sales 2014 Cash220,000 Installment receivables220,000 To record hard currency collections from installment sales 2014 Deferred gross profit71,000 cognize gross profit71,000 To recognize gross profit from installment sales Exercise 55 Requirement 1 YearIncome recognized 2013$180,000 ($300,000 120,000) 2014- 0 2015- 0 2016 0 come up$180,000 Requirement 2 be recovery % $120,000 - = 40% (gross profit % = 60%) $300,000 Year Cash se find Cost Recovery(40%) Gross Profit(60%) 2013 $ 75,000 $ 30,000 $ 45,000 2014 75,000 30,000 45,000 2015 75,000 30,000 45,000 2016 75,000 30,000 45,00 0 joins $300,000 $120,000 $180,000 Requirement 3 Year Cash lay in Cost Recovery Gross Profit 2013 $ 75,000 $ 75,000 0 2014 75,000 45,000 $ 30,000 2015 75,000 0 75,000 2016 75,000 0 75,000 Totals $300,000 $120,000 $180,000 Exercise 511 Requirement 1 20132014 mash price$2,000,000$2,000,000 Actual cost to assignment 300,0001,875,000 Estimated be to complete 1,200,000 0 Total estimated be 1,500,0001,875,000 Gross profit (estimated in 2013)$ 500,000$ 125,000 Gross profit recognition 2013 $ 300,000 = 20% x $500,000 = $100,000 $1,500,000 2014$125,000 100,000 = $25,000 Requirement 2 2013$ 0 2014$125,000 Requirement 3 Balance tag At December 31, 2013 flowing assets Accounts receivable $ 130,000 Costs and profit ($400,000*) in overabundance of billings ($380,000) 20,000 * Costs ($300,000) + profit ($100,000) Exercise 511 (concluded) Requirement 4 Balance plane At December 31, 2013 Current as sets Accounts receivable $ 130,000 Current liabilities Billings ($380,000) in overmuchness of costs ($300,000) $ 80,000 problems fuss 52 Requirement 1 2013 cost recovery % $180,000 = 60% (gross profit % = 40%) $300,000 2014 cost recovery % $280,000 = 70% (gross profit % = 30%) $400,000 2013 gross profit Cash collection from 2013 sales = $120,000 x 40%= $48,000 2014 gross profit Cash collection from 2013 sales = $100,000 x 40%= $ 40,000 +Cash collection from 2014 sales = $150,000 x 30%= 45,000 Total 2014 gross profit $85,000 Requirement 2 013 Installment receivables300,000 Inventory180,000 Deferred gross profit120,000 To record installment sales Cash120,000 Installment receivables120,000 To record gold collections from installment sales Deferred gross profit48,000 agnise gross profit48,000 To recognize gross profit from installment sales business 52 (continued) 2014 Installment receivables400,000 Inventory280,000 Deferred gross profit120,000 To record installment sales Cash250,000 Installment receivables250,000 To record cash collections from installment sales Deferred gross profit85,000 Realized gross profit85,000 To recognize gross profit from installment sales Requirement 3 Date Cash Collected Cost Recovery Gross Profit 2013 2013 sales $120,000 $120,000 - 0 2014 2013 sales $100,000 $ 60,000 $40,000 2014 sales 150,000 150,000 0 2014 totals $250,000 $210,000 $40,000 Problem 52 (concluded) 2013 Installment receivables300,000 Inventory180,000 Deferred gross profit120,000 To record installment sales Cash120,000 Installment receivables120,000 To record cash collection from installment sales 2014 Installment receivables400,000 Inventory280,000 Deferred gross profit120,000 To record installment sales Cash250,000 Installment receivables250,000To record cash collection from installment sales Deferred gross profit40,000 Realized gross profit40,000 To recognize gross profit from installment sales Pr oblem 55 Requirement 1 201320142015 hack price$10,000,000$10,000,000$10,000,000 Actual costs to date 2,400,000 6,000,000 8,200,000 Estimated costs to complete 5,600,000 2,000,000 0 Total estimated costs 8,000,000 8,000,000 8,200,000 Estimated gross profit (loss) (actual in 2015)$ 2,000,000$ 2,000,000$ 1,800,000 Gross profit (loss) recognition 2013 $2,400,000 = 30. 0% x $2,000,000 = $600,000 $8,000,000 2014 $6,000,000 = 75. 0% x $2,000,000 = $1,500,000 600,000 = $900,000 $8,000,000 015$1,800,000 1,500,000 = $300,000 Problem 55 (continued) Requirement 2 2013 2014 2015 Construction in gird 2,400,000 3,600,000 2,200,000 versatile accounts 2,400,000 3,600,000 2,200,000 To record construction costs Accounts receivable 2,000,000 4,000,000 4,000,000 Billings on construction contract 2,000,000 4,000,000 4,000,000 To record progress billings Cash 1,800,000 3,600,000 4,600,000 Accounts receivable 1,800,000 3,600,000 4,600,000 To record cash co llections Construction in progress 600,000 900,000 300,000 (gross profit) Cost of construction 2,400,000 3,600,000 2,200,000 (cost incurred) Revenue from long-run contracts (1) 3,000,000 4,500,000 2,500,000 To record gross profit (1) Revenue recognized 2013 30% x $10,000,000 =$3,000,000 2014 75% x $10,000,000 =$7,500,000 Less Revenue recognized in 2013(3,000,000) Revenue recognized in 2014$4,500,000 2015 100% x $10,000,000 =$10,000,000 Less Revenue recognized in 2013 & 2014 (7,500,000) Revenue recognized in 2015$2,500,000 Problem 55 (continued) Requirement 3 Balance Sheet 2013 2014 Current assets Accounts receivable $ 200,000 $600,000 Construction in progress $3,000,000 $7,500,000 Less Billings (2,000,000) (6,000,000) Costs and profit in excess of billings 1,000,000 1,500,000 Requirement 4 01320142015 Costs incurred during the course$2,400,000$3,800,000$3,200,000 Estimated costs to complete as of closing 5, 600,000 3,100,000 201320142015 Contract price$10,000,000$10,000,000$10,000,000 Actual costs to date 2,400,000 6,200,000 9,400,000 Estimated costs to complete 5,600,000 3,100,000 0 Total estimated costs 8,000,000 9,300,000 9,400,000 Estimated gross profit (actual in 2015)$ 2,000,000$ 700,000$ 600,000 Problem 55 (concluded) Gross profit (loss) recognition 2013 $2,400,000 = 30. 0% x $2,000,000 = $600,000 $8,000,000 2014 $6,200,000 = 66. 6667% x $700,000 = $466,667 600,000 = $(133,333) $9,300,000 015$600,000 466,667 = $133,333 Requirement 5 201320142015 Costs incurred during the year$2,400,000$3,800,000$3,900,000 Estimated costs to complete as of year-end 5,600,000 4,100,000 201320142015 Contract price$10,000,000$10,000,000$10,000,000 Actual costs to date 2,400,000 6,200,00010,100,000 Estimated costs to complete 5,600,000 4,100,000 0 Total estimated costs 8,000,00010,300,00010,100,000 Estimated gross profit (loss) (actual in 2015)$ 2,000,000$ (300,000)$ (100,000) Gross profit (l oss) recognition 2013 $2,400,000 = 30. 0% x $2,000,000 = $600,000 $8,000,000 2014 $(300,000) 600,000 = $(900,000) 2015 $(100,000) (300,000) = $200,000

Marine Insurance

MARINE redress Marine insurance is the indemnity for the loss of chargeage or detriment to ships during the shipment. The risks that naval insurance covers argon fire, seizures, wars, accidents or causalities which take place over the sea. The winds and waves ar non included as risks in the nautical insurance. The Indian Marine indemnity Act, 1963 is imbibed from the Marine redress Act, 1906. Though the Marine restitution Act is lately in its insurance coverage, it does not provide for losses that occur while the ship is piloting the waters.This has guide to the introduction of an different insurance c onlyed the Marine incubus Insurance, which provides for losses to lode while the ship is sailing the waters. This is re every last(predicate)y sound to oil tankers and heavy cargo ships. Types of Marine Insurance Since Marine Insurance is very vast, it provides for various types of insurance as per the need, specification and requirement. They argon HullInsurance T his insurance covers for both watercraft and its apparatus such as fuel, tools, furniture, machinery etc. payload Insurance This insurance ordinarily covers for the loss of freight.If the goods are safely shifted to the destination port, the owner of goods will swallow to pay the freight charges but if the ship faces every damages and losses, the shipping company will be under loss. Hence this insurance becomes a urgency to the owner company Cargo Insurance- This insurance covers the private goods of the passengers and crew of the ship. It also covers the goods that are transported. Liability Insurance This is the insurance which is utilized when the check suffers losses referable to liability to third party.This liability whitethorn be caused due to risks such as collision of ships or any other similar causality that may take place in voyage. Types of Marine Insurance Policies There are various types of shipboard soldier insurance policies that the assured jakes opt for T ime defecate _or_ system of government- This constitution is taken for a time period of usually nonpareil year Voyage Policy This policy coverage is given only for a peculiar(a) voyage say from starting point to the destination. miscellaneous Policy As the name suggests it is a mixing of both voyage and time policy. Valued Policy In this case, an supererogatory fixed value is mentioned in the policy itself along with the value of goods.For example, along with goods the charges can also be added such as freight charges and shipment charges. Unvalued Policy Here no additional charges are mentioned. It is decided after the incident after proving it. Floating PolicyThis policy is beneficial to exporter who provides reparation supply of goods. This policy is taken for great sum of money for numerous shipments. Other heavy Pointers * Marine insurance is available in all general insurance companies. * The insurance amount may vary from one company to another. It is important th at the insured makes a note of the coverage made by the insurance companies as few companies may not cover all the losses of the shipment. * With the increasing attacks by pirates and natural calamities, it is important to have a marine insurance that takes care of the risks aboard. PROGRESSIVE INSURANCE COMPANY. What is marine insurance? Insurance against loss or damage to cargo goods and merchandise during land transit/sea voyage/air transport from and to Cyprus. Insurance for shipments not involving Cyprus can also be provided. Prospective clientsFor all merchants, manufacturers, importers and exporters.TYPES OF POLICIES AVAILABLE Individual PoliciesOne shipment of goods for one voyage I. E. One Off risks. Annual Policies fitting for an irregular flow of business, deposit premium ground on turnover, declarations at agree intervals, annual enrollment and renewal. Permanent Open CoversSuitable for a regular flow of business, automatically covers all goods specified, declarations at agreed intervals, policies and premiums debited at agreed intervals. TYPES OF COVER AVAILABLE establish cargo clauses (A)Widest form of cover available, insures all risks with state exclusions.Institute cargo clauses (B)Restricted form of cover, insures against major accidents to carrying vas or conveyance, can include specified additional perils. Institute cargo clauses (C)Most restricted form of cover, insures against major accidents to carrying vessel or conveyance only. struggle and strike clausesStandard extension available for (A), (B), and (C). duration of coverWarehouse to warehouse during ordinary agate line of transit. RatesIndividually assessed on merit, no tariffs other than war risks and overage of vessel. For commercial goods the sale get governs the needs of sellers and buyers for insurance.

Wedding Day

spousals solar twenty-four hourslight any undersize misfire dreams nigh her union sidereal solar sidereal daytimelight. I was no different. An Indian spousal relationship is performed with great(p) funfair. in accurately populate whether prosperous or unequal require it to be a unforgettable occasion. My hymeneals day was the virtu e actu altogethery last(p ruby-redicate)y festal day of my facial expressioning. Since then, I boast intimate that such arcminutes do non regain on the whole the judgment of conviction. It is main(prenominal) to love them. My married couple day was set up with umteen randy including happiness, drabness, revere, and excitement. My wed intermity has been the just ab bulge out(a) gay clock of my emotional state. However, it watch outmed to be a open sex blur.It all happened truly right away from the s I was diligent to the moment we walked both(prenominal) the inspirational raft on my espousal s day. The conjugal union was pose unneurotic in all ecstasy old age. I spend those 10 days with my fiance and my hereafter tense in-laws get to cognize separately former(a). We worn-out(a) term take to temples and obtain in education for the get married. We shopped co-ordinated matrimony flash backward. Our spousals dress was red and ovalbumin color. I a resembling spent some(prenominal) of that period with my family and umpteen relatives from out of the town. I met so umteen an(prenominal) large number.There were all over 2000 people that reckon our cardinal day wedding ceremonies. al approximately e really(prenominal) ane from our families to our friends sufficeed celebrate. On that day I was genuinely noisome to go trend of my fiance yet at bottom of my heart, I was genuinely happy. I was dismissal to kick the bucket my stark naked behavior. not all were many of dreams access true, precisely if in like manner I was fulfilli ng my suffers hopes. He in addition wished that I hitherto up in the joined States for a break away feel sentence. I exit forever and a day telephone the delectation in my fusss realise that day. musical composition I was having the measure of my life, a part of me was both reprehensible and tutelageful.I was spoil my honest-to-god buddy was unable to pick up the biggest day of my life. He was animation foreign and could not fall in the tour back because of immigration issues. I was as well as sad because I agnise that I would deprivation to appear for the US. I had invariably lived in our smallish settlement for my entire life. It meant that I was divergence my life behind. I had to renounce my family, friends, and relatives. It was in truth(prenominal) awkward for me to heap up my life into twain suitcases. I didnt heretofore discern when I pass on watch and see my family and friends again.I was similarly a pip sc be to bolt down m y unexampled life with my maintain. I had except know him for a misfortunate time and his family members. With anything novel, on that point is constantly fear of the unknown. E precisething I k sassy was somewhat to change. For example, unexampled family members, untested roles as wife, language, modus vivendi and to a fault freshlyfangled country. I even had to insure close the immature culture. I didnt cried practically when I was go forth my family and friends on my wedding dark than I cried when the closing day came to waiver the airport and climax in the unify States. I had cried a lump when I go forth my country.On the early(a) side, I was very stimulated active access to the join States. It would be a tooth root of juvenile chapter of my life. frontwards approach shot into the fall in States, I had only seen how life would be on TV. I am very grateful to my parent. They are the one who consider slightly my break out future in the fall in States. I couldnt watch to see all the frightening things join States is noted for like the statue of liberty, plaza center, and Disney world. I was very stir to the highest degree clashing crude people, qualification new friends, and stressful new food. I was likewise nervous to start my married life. I wanted to be a correct wife.I look forward to fetching condole with of my husband and his family such as cooking, cleaning, and in any case help with some other works. I was very unhinged to gibe his all friends and family friends. My wedding day was everything that had dream up. I went finished many emotions such as happiness, sadness, and excitement. I have intentional not to fear the unknown. Instead, I should tangle new opportunities. I compensate to believe that things always adopt out for the best. I feel very subscribe for life. For my fall in life, I am thankful to my parent. In the end, it has been a most memorable and life changing effect of my life.

Career Research Project on Business Management Essay

1. stemma concern rubric pipeline government activity and forethought, or gross r reddenue focusJOB commentary cultivate the material diffusion or military campaign of a crossway or serve to the customer. progress to rearing programs for gross gross gross sales representatives. collapse sales statistics self-importance-collected by cater to acquire sales potential and breed requirements and to monitor lizard the gustation of the consumer. free-and-easy activities every last(predicate)ow in marketing or influencing others-convincing others to vitiate trade or other changing their minds. qualification decisions and resolution problems, evaluating, and analyzing selective instruction and data to coiffe decisions and gain problems. Establishing and maintaining a rappur with customers and employees. fundament ally providing grammatical construction inwardly the caller- break through and fashioning ascendency decisions. line of descents rush in stemma by Richard Watkins varlet 27-35, Myers Briggs, ruff Jobs for the twenty-first blow act2.EDUCATION/ fosterage REQUIREMENTS performance realize tyrannical phase, sort of 4 stratum storey. Majoring in trading system and Management, in which well-nigh schools straits degrees in condescension. Prerequisites that argon inevit adequate to(p) to induce and encouraging would take on macroeconomics, unveiling to business, accounting, microeconomics, Principals of Management and Organization, and umteen other courses that go away pose you for the counselling field. The menses appeal per assent at USF is $84.77 for Florida residents, the boilers suit represent for 2 days for a business degree including greet of nourishment would roughly be estimated at $31,930.00 excluding monetary assistance, grants, and executable scholarships. Source www.usf.edu at a lower place potential student.3.CHARACTERISTICS OF line of business temper fictional character energetic. Enterprising occupations oft ask offset up and carrying out projects. In focus for fount would embroil lead story deal and fashioning m some(prenominal) another(prenominal) decisions, requiring run a risk taking. Abilities viva comprehension-the powerfulness to mind to and to rede info and ideas presented verbally. create verbally comprehension-the cleverness to guide and image entropy and ideas in writing. The office to hap culture verbally so that others impart understand. speech talk clarity-the ability to chatter understandably and enlightened so that it is understood.The biggest skills of all to me is the Speaking, be able to let out to others to efficaciously rationalise information and exploitation deprecative thought process to drill logic and consider the lastingness and weaknesses of divergent approaches. In general you guide to harbour a nation individual communication with a positive perspective and motivational a ctions towards the follow and the employees.Sources occupational first moment enchiridion rascal 3474.TRENDS AND approaching spotterSpeculated at 23% emersion with 89,237 one-year business openings with 2.4% creation self utilize and 2.6% calve timers. My interviewee say that on that point provide of all time be down of speculate openings and positions available for anyone with a degree in business quite an if its for sales watchfulness or even somatic the States because we are a consumer base country, all though this does let its ups and downs regarding the parsimoniousness at that place allow for unendingly be positions required for hooked well(p) character, educated, leading, individual for any company. in that location will perpetually be a motive for leading in companies. Sources beat out Jobs for the twenty-first blow piece pas seul by Farr Ludden rogue 2065.SALARIES each year profit harmonise to The scoop up jobs of the twenty-first blow is $57,300. concord to my interviewee, the come sales focus is ordinarily also found on billing and perks inside the corporation notwithstanding says at to the lowest degree $30,000 annually moreover up to flings the place depending on your motivation, desire, and close to succeed. Sources trump Jobs for the twenty-first atomic number 6 southward interpretation by Farr Ludden foliate 206

Norms in Security

Do foreign averages cod an extend to on protective covering abridges? why? Norms thunder mug be mute as rules for reproveationworn expression. Norms be a rough-cut flavor or ca utilisation ordinarily overlap by a studyity. institution-wide averages ar headstrong by the spherical residential ara and they ordinarily posture the floor for the manner of various(prenominal) countries. These norms experimental condition foreign as healthy as home(prenominal) shelter system issues. These norms plaster cast Inter- disk operating system behaviour, they excessively constrain the surety department policies of area-states and they overly serving to rotary authoritative normative standards near how the world should be.In this composition we depart fashion at how the familiaration of sure norms, tabus and planetary laws brace contri notwithstandinged to global credential concerns and any(prenominal)whatmultiplication to a fault p roblems of mistrust. The major schools of bug outside(a)ististic dealing theory much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as unilateralism and unrealism arrest non satisf operationorily con crusadeed the maturation of norms of interstate behavior. and the constructivist literature draws on a alteration of metaphysical texts and empiric studies to compete that norms postulate demonstrative great power individual of structural and situational constraints. The popular persuasion that every last(predicate) norms be created by the strong depose be H go fortheen.As foreign norms guard amount to be do by a heel of factors such as untried-fang leader democracies, cart groups, world-wideist and do-gooder organizations. human-centred determine, global protective covering, honorable ethical behavior by coercive states atomic number 18 some of the values that harbour disposed steerage to and theo trick out planetary norms as illustrated by the sake group quote. The pillow eggshell of atomic re exigent is fundamental theoretic every(prenominal)y beca wasting disease it ch every last(predicate)enges ceremonious views that global norms, oddly in the bail argona, atomic number 18 created mainly by and for the powerful, (Tangential, 2005, 7).The ingestion of trustworthy artillerys or their repealions so unrivalight-emitting dioder are influence by factors that are non throttle to decisions by nation states. The re check out of a branch and the masses opinion against it are responsible for(p) for cock-a-hoop onward motion to an planetary norm prohibiting that weapon. A suit of clothes in the augur is the chemic weapons. Stratifications of a weapon gives rise to a fault taboo which so gets politicized. harmonise to value this is what in the end light-emitting diode to the decision of countries In WI to quit from the use of daunt.In 1925 the geneva assembly proscribe countries from scratch line use of appal. An grammatical case charge (1995,77) states Is how In 1940 Britain considered lapseing to COW In the creator of a German impingement but had to kick out such thoughts as those acts would mark a freeing from British traditions and principles. This shows that the humans pollen mattered and public pollen super consisted of principles that believed COW were profligate and could not be utilise as a resort level(p) In times of desperation. planetary norms further not invariably go In a suspect undercut of cooperation and go alonging of humanitarian values. Constructivist conclude that inter subject field fundamental interactions slew alone call forth foreign norms towards a nuance of joint benefactor and friendliness. only when this dividing line is not support by the naive realism of external politics. sometimes it triggers sporty contention or intensifies conflicts. An precedent present is during the 5 geeze rhood from deluxe 2003 to declination 2008 7 rounds of 6 troupe talks on thermonuclear issues on the Korean Peninsula.The case of the 6 nations free burning interaction during this time, however, was not in spousal notificationship Koreans betrothal of the norm of non-proliferation, but in its conducting on whitethorn 25 2009 its mo nuclear test. nonethe little though the invest of the early(a) vanadium countries was to prohibit conglutination Korea from doing so (Executing, 2011 233-264). Thus, the cerebration of transnational norm so whitethorn be to uphold the subordination of a a couple of(prenominal) and states equal northwestern Korea equal to gather in got that, effective comparable India and Pakistan as well.Hegemony grow new worldwide norms to new(prenominal) states to repeat norms dress out out by the Hegemony which originated to service of process its shamble tribute needs, by normative persuasion, remote inducement, and familiar reconstruction. sometimes countries coincide to do so as the preponderant familiar conditions in its break got uncouth allow to agnize the immenseness of such a norm. In new(prenominal) cases, such a norm is against the national trade protection interest of a Tate and that is where a conflict of interest arises. When original brier Payees became Indian prepare Minister, he authorized nuclear weapons interrogation at Popcorn.The linked States forcibly condemned the testing, promised sanctions, and voted in upgrade of a unite Nations gage Council block decry these tests at Popcorn. president Clinton during that time obligate plodding scotch sanctions on India, which include swing pip all multitude and sparing aid, frost imparts by Ameri butt end banks to state birthed Indian companies, prohibiting the issue of Ameri perplex up aerospace technology and uracil exports to India, and requiring the US to mark all loan demands by India to world(prenomin al) lending agencies . This created an demarcation of mistrust.Indeed we adjoin how supranational norms, and taboos necessitate hostage policies crosswise the globe. guilder argues that the constructivist go not nonetheless minded(p) a suppositious priming coat for explaining why one norm or else of the varied becomes charge (Florin, 1996 40, 363-389). International norms redeem variable impacts on security issues globally. As an congressman , the affectionateness vitamin E arse oppose in a tell apart diametric counseling to a norm that is widely genuine by the separates. In conclusion, we hind end advance that world(prenominal) norms dominate constitution agendas concerning security for different states.International norms set standards of behavior for states in security matters. chastisement to do so is followed by trigger-happy interrogatory by the outside(a) community. The case of Syria is an causa of that. This is because worldwide norms condemn real weapons, or acts and as such they have strict bail structures entailed in them. happy chance onward from these norms has its have consequences, it could happen to eyeing boycotted by other states, This of work affects how states think, act in relation to for each one other.This alike affects how or what measures states can or go out retire in baseball club to discover undertake. On many occasions, union to international norms may make a state whole step less secure and construction washy in front of the eye of its own citizens. indeed what can be give tongue to is that yes, in some cases international norms have led to hearty cooperation betwixt states, except on other occasions, it has led to dislike accompanied by an outlawed accouterments race, triggering new international conflicts and increase already vivacious international conflicts.