The Fundamentals of College Application Essay Samples for Math Major Revealed

The Fundamentals of College Application Essay Samples for Math Major Revealed Thus, the essay is supposed to coincide with the applicant's qualities and interests in order for it to boost the probability of admission. Writing college essays is among the most difficult facets of the college application procedure, and it's also among the most important. Developing a topic is a trying job, but one that each student must do on their own. For a beginning, the usual application essay topics need you to use language that's absolutely free from language flaws and grammatical mistakes. What You Don't Know About College Application Essay Samples for Math Major If you wish to create a college essay which works, you want to provide importance on the content which you will supply the admissions officer of your intended university with. It is crucial to capture the interest of the admission tutors irrespective of how strict they may appear to be. If you're going to include details that may directly hit the requirements of the school, then it is easy to get the approvalA that you should be accepted for enrollment. Besides college loans, there's the stress of keeping a GPA to join the university which you dream about. You might also attempt sharing your essay with different people and receiving their thoughts. Most colleges ask a fairly generic question for which they want to observe a fairly focused answer. After you own a topic, it's best to make an outline of ideas. Using somebody else's topic (or their essay for this matter) is never a great idea. What You Should Do to Find Out About College Application Essay Samples for Math Major Before You're Left Behind The situation is made worse by the simple fact that the expense of living keeps increasing every single day. In case the college application requires you to select a topic, consider the things closest and dearest to your heart. You're attempting to show colleges your very best self, therefore it mi ght appear counterintuitive to willingly acknowledge a time you struggled. For instance, a student might wish to write about a certain hardship in life which he or she has overcome. The Ultimate College Application Essay Samples for Math Major Trick Individual schools sometimes need supplemental essays. College essays will be able to help you get accepted by a college so that it might be worth knowing how to compose a good one. Essay requirements will change from school to school, but you're going to probably be requested to write 250750 words. The duration of your essay is not what universities search for. As a consequence, spending money to take care of your essays could possibly be challenging. Occasionally, values are supplied in the shape of a scenario, other times, you might be requested to take the financial values from either the financial or yearly report of a business. Let's look at a good example. Using College Application Essay Samples for Math Major Fantasti c essays can only enable you in the event that you apply. Big words aren't better. All you have to do is specify if you want your essay to be delivered. Working on lower-order concerns may give you the impression that the essay is prepared to submit prematurely. If in the case that you haven't any choice except to compose an essay on a particular topic, be different, creative, and original. Try to remember, the very best essay topic is one which is quite unique to you. The essay can provide a great chance to speak about a few of your accomplishments, but always make certain to do so in a means that isn't braggadocious. Besides the situations that you should always remember, in addition, there are some things which you shouldn't do when creating the content of your college essay. You'll get to the point you could create an essay right away, with good grammar, excellent experiences to chat about, and the most suitable length for the application. The author starts with a rather in depth story of an event or description of an individual or place. Ideas, Formul as and Shortcuts for College Application Essay Samples for Math Major One of the most difficult features of college life is finances. The sphere of physical therapy is growing, and with my skills in marketing, I aspire to grow the regional Ridgeview services across the world. Do not be concerned if you don't have a single defining experience that shaped each goal you had afterwards. In case the answer is no, then you have to keep trying to find a topic. When you sit down to compose your application essays, there's very little left that you are able to control. When you haven't seen a scholarship program, you should check at some. If you devote the time and adhere to the hints below, you can boost your scholarship essays and get more awards. More frequently than not, deadlines for submitting applications are almost always short which makes many possible applicants worry they will be unable to to submit their sample essay for MBA application in time. The Ultimate College App lication Essay Samples for Math Major Trick Well-done samples offer an education in format. Cite instances wherein you had the ability to showcase a specific quality. Listed below are the guarantees we offer to anybody who is prepared to get professional aid. Consider people that are always alert in classes and who constantly take part in discussions.

How Julius Caesars actions of intelligence and leadership...

A hero is defined as a person noted for feats of courage or nobility of purpose. Some people say that this means that a hero is someone who must risk his life to save millions of people. Others say that this means a hero is one who dies for what he believes in. And still others say that this means that a hero is somebody who fights against overwhelming odds. All of those qualities are certain qualities of a hero, but, going back to mythological times, a hero is one who fought in great battles against overwhelming odds, in order to restore an empire or disable an enemy. In doing so, this hero killed many adversaries, and was called a hero by just how many he had slain. Julius Caesar, one of the greatest historical figures of all-time,†¦show more content†¦By all accounts he was also able, with the prescience of genius, to deduce what Pompeys battle-plan would be and to prepare his own counterstrokes accordingly. When Pompey massed his cavalry on his left wing to destroy Caesa rs forces, Caesar placed cohorts of infantry to meet them and held hidden units in reserve. With orders to strike at the faces of the young Pompeians, Caesars legions panicked Pompeys cavalry, which broke and fled. Caesar then threw in reinforcements and outflanked Pompeys entire army. (Suzanne Cross). This was an excellent show of intelligence. Caesar took what he knew about the enemy, and applied it in his plans. His intelligence is what panicked the cavalry, and his intelligence is what gave him the victory. This proves that making logical decisions is much more intelligent than going into battle, hoping for a miraculous victory. As written in The Three Kingdoms, by Luo Guanzhong, Zhuge Liang, a legendary Chinese strategist of the Shu kingdom, is quoted as saying, Those who are skilled in combat do not become angered, those who are skilled at winning do not become afraid. Thus the wise win before they fight, while the ignorant fight to win. This also proves that making logical decisions before battle is much more intelligent than going into battle without thinking. This statement means that, in order to win in battle, one must plan ahead. Applying this statement to Julius Caesar, he had already won

Lying Is Sometimes Neccessary free essay sample

As children we have all been lied to for generations about frivolous thins such as The Tooth Fairy, Santa Claus and The Easter Bunny. What happens when the truth comes out and feelings are hurt? Then you have to ask yourself was it really necessary? I disagree that lying is sometimes necessary. Lying especially under oath is punishable by law, makes others think of you as disloyal and untrustworthy and is so much more complicated than telling the truth. On the other hand some people believe that telling a† white lie† (something that is believed to have little to no negative effect) to an innocent child isn’t so harsh. Another point that some point out is that children mimic what they see. A child may start lying habitually just because you told a â€Å"white lie† An innocent child may not fully understand the concept of â€Å"white lies† and when to use them. We will write a custom essay sample on Lying Is Sometimes Neccessary or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These children may end up in a cycle of repetitive lying where they find it difficult to stop altogether. When lying becomes a problem it is important to once again teach the child the consequences of lying. Moreover, what about fibbing to a friend in regards to a surprise birthday party? You then have to think, how is this person going to accept it, if they are a forgiving person or do they hold the silliest grudges? Your intentions may not have been bad per say but it’s the principle about the situation and this will create conflict for something that you may have thought was small. Do you swear to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth so help you God? Those are the famous words we as Americans under oath swear to. If you lie under oath that is called perjury and can get you sentenced to jail or fined. In recent news, I came across an article about a young, naive teenage girl that lied about getting raped while under oath just to save herself from getting grounded by her parents. As a result of her lying she got more than grounded. She was sentenced to 90 hours of community service, fined $375. 00 and had to humiliate herself by publicly apologizing to everyone. In addition, to her getting in trouble, she is now considered a liar and dishonest person. Who wants to be called a liar and untrustworthy? I firmly believe in the age old saying â€Å"honesty is the best policy†. Now her character is discrete and her reputation is stained. Lying shows lack of integrity and you cannot choose your consequences when you are caught lying. Also, the teenager could have avoided all the bad things that have taken place if she had only told the truth. If you think about it lying only leads to more lies that create a snowball effect. Eventually everything is going to build up and it’s not going to be a good ending. The truth is not always pretty, but lies are even uglier especially when they’ve been exposed. In conclusion, nobody wins when it comes to lies and the consequences are not worth it. Lying is not necessary even you think it’s a â€Å"white lie† and can cause more harm than intended on more than one party. All lying bears consequences; some small and great that we all have to accept. It is up to you to have the decency and the integrity to tell the truth.

Making History Review Essay Example

Making History Review Paper Essay on Making History None of the reviews I did not understand either why it is interesting or that the book is instructive. To do this it would be necessary to note, although in general terms what the problem sets and how to solve the book. For example, a review of the most important to me is not clear: whether the book is an excuse (apologetics) Nazism as sympathetic depicted the young Hitler. Recently, it has become a fashion: peering, uglyadet to villain in human traits. If this is even partly true, it is a book, no matter how it was fascinating, loathsome in its content if even for a moment we forget in this text, who is Hitler, then we have the phenomenon that yunna morits wonderful christened: fashizmenny fog (the whole of this work with the rest of the illustrations on the theme anyone can see right here): Fashizmenny mist floats above us over Hitler burns star sympathy That kind of relationship with the real history of art from any text that displays Hitler as per onazha. Moreover, in my opinio n, to recognize such text element and part of the modern Nazi ideology ENOUGH crime problem simply put, do not touch, they say, well, Hitler, and Hitler, all like you and me. By the way, this review is not a word about the attitude of the Nazis and Hitler it is however convenient in every respect (as the ladies of his crack up). More disgusting political correctness is difficult to imagine today. Enough not to mention and then the text will be mocking accurately respond to its name: history in the making. And who would add, these creatures. Like you and me?

Free Essays on The Divinity Of Art

, a concentrated person not only sees the form but its spirit. This is the fullness of observation, and it comes by concentration. Whenever the artist cannot imitate nature, cannot copy an object exactly, it shows that he lacks concentration. The next aspect of art is suggestive art. This can be divided into two kinds: first, an art which directly suggests a certain idea, so that as soon as we see the picture we can see what it says, what it explains, and what it represents; and the other kind, which is expressed in symbols. This is an art that through a certain symbolism expresses a great wisdom. This wisdom is covered; and the more one looks at the picture and the more one studies it, the more it reveals the idea, the wisdom, the thought that is hidden in it. Such art is a revelation. The art of ancient Egypt, of Greece, and especially of the Mongolians and of India, was chiefly symbolical art. In such periods, when other types of pictures were not produced and books were not printed, this was the only means of keeping wisdom alive and handing it on to the coming generations. This was done by the master artists, who were inspired by spiritual wisdom and who tried to guide humanity. With hammer and chisel, they carved in wood and engraved on the rocks, and lef... Free Essays on The Divinity Of Art Free Essays on The Divinity Of Art Art may be defined as having four aspects. One aspect of art may be called imitative art - the tendency and ability to produce as exactly as possible, on the canvas or in the clay, something that one sees. This is the first stage, and one that leads the artist further on the path of art. In order to develop this faculty, the mind must be fully concentrated. When the artist lacks concentration, he cannot observe objects and their beauty keenly, and therefore he is not able to reproduce them exactly as he sees them. Concentration has such great power that a concentrated person can penetrate into an object, and can see not only the outside of it but also the inside. In other words, a concentrated person not only sees the form but its spirit. This is the fullness of observation, and it comes by concentration. Whenever the artist cannot imitate nature, cannot copy an object exactly, it shows that he lacks concentration. The next aspect of art is suggestive art. This can be divided into two kinds: first, an art which directly suggests a certain idea, so that as soon as we see the picture we can see what it says, what it explains, and what it represents; and the other kind, which is expressed in symbols. This is an art that through a certain symbolism expresses a great wisdom. This wisdom is covered; and the more one looks at the picture and the more one studies it, the more it reveals the idea, the wisdom, the thought that is hidden in it. Such art is a revelation. The art of ancient Egypt, of Greece, and especially of the Mongolians and of India, was chiefly symbolical art. In such periods, when other types of pictures were not produced and books were not printed, this was the only means of keeping wisdom alive and handing it on to the coming generations. This was done by the master artists, who were inspired by spiritual wisdom and who tried to guide humanity. With hammer and chisel, they carved in wood and engraved on the rocks, and lef...

Answers to Questions About Personal Pronouns

Answers to Questions About Personal Pronouns Answers to Questions About Personal Pronouns Answers to Questions About Personal Pronouns By Mark Nichol Here are three queries from readers about proper use of personal pronouns, followed by my responses. 1. Why does the following sentence use my instead of me?: â€Å"My mother hates to spend money, that’s one thing; so if she can make a joke out of my not wanting to, then I’m in the clear because she can save money.† The phrase â€Å"not wanting to† describes a lack of a desire so wanting describes a thing, making the word a gerund a verb form that functions as a noun not a verb. Because the sentence assigns â€Å"not wanting to† to a person, it requires a possessive personal pronoun (my). Wanting, of course, can also be a verb, but the point of this sentence is the attitude, not the person: â€Å"My not wanting to† emphasizes the attitude, while â€Å"me not wanting to† focuses on the person. A similar example is the difference between â€Å"Can you imagine my wanting to wear that?† versus â€Å"Can you imagine me wanting to wear that?† where it is the person’s proposed inclination, not the person herself, that is the point of the sentence. 2. Is there a quick-and-dirty method for deciding which pronoun applies in a sentence like â€Å"We need to discuss you/your going to the prom†? Good question. I haven’t read of any test to determine which form of the pronoun is proper, but here’s one I just thought of (though I assume I’m not the first to do so): You must be able to provide, in a syntactically and grammatically correct form, more detail about what is being discussed replace wanting, in this case, with a phrase. For example: We need to discuss you request to go to the prom. (incorrect) We need to discuss your request to go to the prom. (correct) Therefore, your is the appropriate pronoun. (And that is true for the same reason that my, not me, is correct in the previous example.) 3. Which of the following versions of this awkward statement is correct?: â€Å"Glance at mine and Michael’s calendar to see if we have time for lunch.† â€Å"Glance at Michael’s and my calendar to see if we have time for lunch.† â€Å"Glance at our calendars to see if we have time for lunch.† â€Å"Michael and I have calendars. Glance at our calendars to see if we have time for lunch.† â€Å"Michael and I have calendars; glance at them to see if we have time for lunch.† The first choice is erroneous because removing â€Å"and Michael’s† results in â€Å"Glance at mine calendar to see if we have time for lunch.† Also, it’s considered good form to name another person before using a personal pronoun. Therefore, the best choice is the revision â€Å"Glance at Michael’s and my calendar to see if we have time for lunch† if you and Michael share a calendar. If you each have your own calendar, write or say, â€Å"Glance at Michael’s and my calendars to see if we have time for lunch† but only if â€Å"Glance at our calendar(s) to see if we have time for lunch† is unsatisfactory because your identities must be specified. The last two versions suggest overcorrection of Pythonesque proportions. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:16 Substitutes for â€Å"Because† or â€Å"Because Of†"Have" vs "Having" in Certain ExpressionsWhile vs. Whilst

Friend GameResearch Essay Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Friend GameResearch Essay - Research Paper Example The automated collection of literature characterizes a sphere, which comprises various forms of digital formats of writing. There are certain authors who come up together owing to sharing a common interest. Nevertheless, whatever is obtainable to everybody else on the internet, as well as the interned, no longer confided their interests to bedroom in the disguise of reading. Friend Game by Lauren Collins remains an appalling article, which explained the sudden suicide of an adolescent girl owing to online bullying. Megan Meier undertook suicide owing to numerous messages sent by Josh Evans, her MySpace friend. He was a fictional character invented by the Meier’s neighbors. Sites of social networking allow persons to write their interests and opinions for the viewership of other persons.Collins states that an individual can project a broader, further confident self, a daring collection of preferred quotations, complaints, music, pleasures, and books. The statement appears to improve the impression that technology has transformed associations through writing by permitting them to becoming more open. Further, Collins states that different from Facebook, MySpace does not need the users to classify themselves with the last and first name, thus there is less illusion that a profile has any direct communication to other individuals. As such, MySpace alo ngside other sites of social networking still permit privacy to their operators, even though the idea of personal connections being dead owing to online social writing could be a means to hiding the exact individuality of a person (Palfrey and Urs 109). The modifications in individual connections through writing resulting from technology have led to persons coming together, despite the absence of privacy. It is essential for persons to gain from technologies in order to improve their ties and communication with other persons. Nevertheless, there remains a great necessity for personalization and

Child Motivation in Literacy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Child Motivation in Literacy - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that pedagogy is an overarching concept, which refers to the calculated process of development cultivation within a given society and culture. It has three fundamental components from this viewpoint: the content or curriculum of what people are being taught; the methodology- manner in which teaching is conducted; and the techniques for children socialization in affective and cognitive skills’ repertoire needed for the successful functioning within the society, which education is meant to promote. The content of teaching or curriculum, may be designed in such a way that it encourages processes of learning (such as attention, memory, observation) as well as cognitive skills (classification, comparing and contrasting, reasoning), and the specific information’s acquisition such as names of alphabetical letters. Teaching strategies or the methods employed in the curriculum’s implementation are the set interactions of individ uals and materials, which teachers plan and use. They include the teaching styles, teaching role, as well as instructional modus operandi. The third pedagogical aspect, which might be perceived as cognitive socialization is the role played by teachers in the early childhood settings. This is via their expectations, teaching strategies, curricular emphasis, in promotion of repertoire of affective and cognitive characteristics as well as the skills, which young children require in moving from the natal culture to the school culture and finally to the larger society’s culture. ... Children engage in numerous things basically because they have a desire of doing them. Choosing a shirt for wearing or a toy is the outcome of their intrinsic motivation in which the child decides on her choices as well as realises contentment from the choosing act as well as the opportunity of playing with her toy or wearing the shirt. Since such activity generates motivation, it is more self-sustaining provided the young child wants continuing with the activity. Young children also do some activities simply because adults direct them or even as efforts of pleasing another party, with such activities being extrinsically motivated. Whenever children are extrinsically motivated, reward comes from the child externally-someone else has to provide it and requires being continually given in order to ensure that the child remains motivated sufficiently to proceed with the activity (Oldfather & Dahl 1994). However, it is difficult for sustenance of the child’s extrinsic motivation du e to this dependence upon some form of external force. Since the intrinsically motivated activities are more rewarding in as well as of themselves, children are exposed to more learning from this mode of activity and retain such learning more effectively (Lorch & van deb Broek, 1997). The intrinsically motivated children have the tendency of being more motivated within their own development and learning. In other words, children have more likelihood of learning and retaining information when they are intrinsically motivated, especially when they believe they are pleasing themselves. Their parents can capitalize on these senses of confidence through guiding their young

Origin of the Cold War Essay Example for Free

Origin of the Cold War Essay For more than four decades, world politics revolved around the Cold War. The foreign policy of both the United States and Soviet Union was dominated by the Cold War with far reaching social, political, economic and military consequences. The domestic politics and foreign policy of other nations around the world was also shaped by the Cold War. Very few countries escaped its influence. Since the distinctive features of the Cold War era was shaped in the years that immediately followed the Second World War, an analysis of its origin is important in understanding international history in the second half of the twentieth century. There are various conflicting interpretations of the origin of the Cold War. These interpretations are often based in deep philosophical and ideological differences. A great majority of these interpretations were themselves structured by the ongoing Cold War. The end of the Cold War together with the release of important information over the past years has provided an opportunity to reassess its origins. The earlier controversies concerning the responsibility of the Cold War can now be transcended in an attempt to understand what happened and why. New questions concerning the origins of the Cold War can now be asked. In this paper, I will focus on the international system and the events in the United States as recounted by Kissinger. Kissinger analyzes geopolitics and the perception of threat, ideology and social reconstruction, and strategy and technology. He examines how the American perceptions of national security interests were influenced by global distribution of power and deeply ingrained ideological predispositions. He also demonstrates how the need for hegemony helped shape the political conditions of other nations. There are two dominant views concerning the outbreak of the Cold War. The first is the view that the Soviet Union was mainly responsible for the outbreak. This view pictures the Soviet Union as persistently expansionist and being motivated ideologically. According to this perception, the United States authority wanted to get along with the Soviets. However, they realized that accommodation was not possible since the Soviet authorities quested for world domination. The second view is that the policies of the United States were also expansionist and therefore contributed to the beginning of the Cold War. The idea points towards the long history of American expansionism and argues that United States policies were shaped by ideological beliefs and economic interests to a large extent. It is this second idea that I wish to explore in the writing of Kissinger. The American foreign policy until the early into the twentieth century was characterized by isolationist tendency. According to Kissinger (29), the rapidly expanding power of the United States and the gradual collapse of international system that was previously centered in Europe projected the United States into world affairs. There was wide recognition by the United States administrations during this era that America had an important role to play in world affairs. The international balance of power could not be conceived by American leaders without the role of the United States. There was a deep philosophy that underlay this idea; America had an obligation to spread its principles throughout the world (Kissinger 30). The rise of new powers had been vehemently fought by European powers. The United States was however confident that they could resist any challenge. The American foreign policy was crafted on the conviction that the constant wars that were being fought in Europe were consequences of Europe’s cynical methods of statecraft (Kissinger 32). Ingrained in the American thought was the idea that peace depended on the promotion of democratic institutions. America saw it her responsibility to spread this idea. A great majority of American leaders were convinced that the United States had a special responsibility to spread its values in order to foster world peace. American foreign policy was radically transformed by Roosevelt who strongly believed that America was a great power. He also believed that in a world regulated by power, the natural order of things was reflected in the concept of spheres of influence (Kissinger 40). He was committed to engaging America to reestablish the equilibrium. He saw Germany and Russia as posing a threat to United States dominance in Europe and Asia respectively. He particularly saw Russia as holding in her hands the fate of the coming years. It is during this era that the United States begun seeing Russia as a possible threat to her interests. Weakening of Russia thus became a major issue. The United States saw itself as solely responsible for the security of the entire mankind. This perception foreshadowed its containment policy that was later developed after the Second World War. These sentiments obviously rubbed any nation that desired dominance the wrong way, invariably resulting ion conflict. With the Soviet Union having its own philosophy, the result would not have been anything apart from the Cold War. Work Cited Kissinger, Henry. Diplomacy. Simon and Schuster.

The Long-Term Effects of Childhood Sexual Abuse Essay -- Adult Manifes

Child abuse is a serious issue in today's society. There are many victims of child abuse. There are three kinds of child abuse: emotional, sexual, and physical. Many researchers believe that sexual abuse is the most detrimental of the three. A middle-aged adult who is feeling depressed will probably not relate it back to his childhood, but maybe he should. The short-term effects of childhood sexual abuse have been proven valid, but now the question is, do the long-term effects of childhood sexual abuse affect middle-aged adults? Many contradicting views arise from the subject of childhood sexual abuse. Researchers and psychologists argue on this issue. Childhood sexual abuse has the possibility to damage a child physically, emotionally, and behaviorally for the rest of his or her childhood, and the affects have been connected to lasting into middle-aged adulthood. The Victims Research has been conducted on what type of children are the most at risk of being sexually abused. Childhood abuse has a greater chance of happening to children of certain backgrounds. One researcher states that Child sexual abuse occurs more frequently in children from socially deprived and disorganized family backgrounds. Marital dysfunction, as evidenced by parental separation and domestic violence, is associated with higher risks of child sexual abuse (Mullen 4). Mullen also states that "The possibility has been raised that characteristics such as physical attractiveness, temperament, or physical maturity might increase the risks of children being sexually abused" (4). Behavioral Problems Many researchers link behavioral problems in adultho... ...essed Memories of Child Abuse may be Valid." Child Sexual Abuse. Ed. Bruno Leone. San Diego: Greenhaven, 1998. 27-34 Kasner, Shane. "The Relationship Between Adult Psychological Adjustments and Childhood Sexual Abuse." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 15:12 (Dec 2000): 1243-1267 Kliest, George A. "Research on Long-term Effects of Child Abuse." Family Journal 7 (Apr 1999): 154-163. Galileo. 11 Nov 2001 McKeown, L.A. "Research Reveals Changes in the Brain Years After Abuse." Aug 2000. Online Posting. WebMD Medical News. {http://webmd.lycos.com/content/articles/1728.599557} Mullen, Paul E. "Long-term Effects of Child Sexual Abuse" Issues in Child Abuse Prevention 9 (Aug 1998): 989-1011 Whiffen, Valerie E. "Mediators of the Link Between Childhood Abuse and Adult Depressive Symptoms." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 15:10 (Oct 2000): 1100-1121 The Long-Term Effects of Childhood Sexual Abuse Essay -- Adult Manifes Child abuse is a serious issue in today's society. There are many victims of child abuse. There are three kinds of child abuse: emotional, sexual, and physical. Many researchers believe that sexual abuse is the most detrimental of the three. A middle-aged adult who is feeling depressed will probably not relate it back to his childhood, but maybe he should. The short-term effects of childhood sexual abuse have been proven valid, but now the question is, do the long-term effects of childhood sexual abuse affect middle-aged adults? Many contradicting views arise from the subject of childhood sexual abuse. Researchers and psychologists argue on this issue. Childhood sexual abuse has the possibility to damage a child physically, emotionally, and behaviorally for the rest of his or her childhood, and the affects have been connected to lasting into middle-aged adulthood. The Victims Research has been conducted on what type of children are the most at risk of being sexually abused. Childhood abuse has a greater chance of happening to children of certain backgrounds. One researcher states that Child sexual abuse occurs more frequently in children from socially deprived and disorganized family backgrounds. Marital dysfunction, as evidenced by parental separation and domestic violence, is associated with higher risks of child sexual abuse (Mullen 4). Mullen also states that "The possibility has been raised that characteristics such as physical attractiveness, temperament, or physical maturity might increase the risks of children being sexually abused" (4). Behavioral Problems Many researchers link behavioral problems in adultho... ...essed Memories of Child Abuse may be Valid." Child Sexual Abuse. Ed. Bruno Leone. San Diego: Greenhaven, 1998. 27-34 Kasner, Shane. "The Relationship Between Adult Psychological Adjustments and Childhood Sexual Abuse." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 15:12 (Dec 2000): 1243-1267 Kliest, George A. "Research on Long-term Effects of Child Abuse." Family Journal 7 (Apr 1999): 154-163. Galileo. 11 Nov 2001 McKeown, L.A. "Research Reveals Changes in the Brain Years After Abuse." Aug 2000. Online Posting. WebMD Medical News. {http://webmd.lycos.com/content/articles/1728.599557} Mullen, Paul E. "Long-term Effects of Child Sexual Abuse" Issues in Child Abuse Prevention 9 (Aug 1998): 989-1011 Whiffen, Valerie E. "Mediators of the Link Between Childhood Abuse and Adult Depressive Symptoms." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 15:10 (Oct 2000): 1100-1121

Marketing A New Baby Food In Sweden For Nestle

The company that is planning to introduce a new baby food product in Sweden already has a presence and it is among a group of companies that are under Nestle Nordic where other Nestle companies that are operating in Denmark, Finland, and Norway are under and these four companies work in concert and represent Nestle’s operations in Northern Europe.This means Nestle is not new for Sweden where it is selling a number of products among which there are a few baby food products such as Bona and Piltti that have a wide range of acceptance among those that are using breast milk substitutes. [1] The baby food business had been and still is lucrative even if it is a very sensitive area of business that has a lot of controversies around it simply because there are a big number of organizations that are against breast milk substitutes and had been highlighting the problems that are related to it.[2] Because of that the company had always been on the defensive in order to do business in th is particular sector and it had made a concession with consumers and the concerned members of society, by putting a statement out on the very outset declaring that there is nothing better for a child than the mother’s milk and every mother had been encouraged to use breast milk at least for the first four to six month, even more if possible.The only time the company recommends the use of its mother milk substitutes early on is whenever mothers are not in a position to provide breast milk for their children, which could be because of a premature birth of a child or when the mother is either sick or deceased. Since it is not always possible to find wet nurses the breast milk substitutes come close to what the breast milk will provide the newborn children. [3]There are a few problems surrounding breast feeding where if somehow mothers start using the breast milk substitute early in a child’s life the possibility that their own natural milk producing process could be disru pted and they will have no choice other than to depend on the breast milk substitutes that are scientifically proven to be as good as a breast milk, albeit some shortcomings where the breast milk is proven to have a natural immune building mechanism that will enable children to fight disease better.At the same time in the absence of the scientifically processed and manufactured baby foods such as what Nestle is selling in Sweden, it is difficult to come up with a baby food recipe that could be prepared at home that will have all the required nutrition, and the only substitute that could come close to the mother’s breast milk, which is cow milk is not digestible by a small child’s metabolism process creating problems such as anemia in addition to forcing the child’s system to absorb a large amount of calcium and fat that it is not ready to do so.[4] Because of all these controversies organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) had to intervene and c ome up with a code that every company that is manufacturing and selling baby food products will have to adhere to and it has the support of all government bodies. The particular code is not new to Nestle that had been applying it for all these years, but when it is time to come up with a new baby food product and marketing it effectively, there are difficult procedures to follow, one of them being the code has to be observed.The main focus of the WHO Code is in preventing such companies that are marketing baby food products to have a direct access to mothers and to regulate the interaction they could have with those who are providing them essential services such as physicians, nurses, and other health care staff, because those who are against companies that are coming up with breast milk substitute products believe that mothers will have to be protected from their marketing ploy as much as possible, at least for the first six months of a child’s life.[5] Such approach is diff icult since most mothers living in societies such as Sweden will be strapped for time because most of them could be working outside of the home and nature itself is such that if the breast is not used continuously after birth it will stop producing milk. And in between the mother milk advocates believe that if mothers are not approached with various marketing tactics this problem could be averted and mothers will start to feed breast milk right after birth up to six months and more if possible.Without disputing this assumption, it is not difficult to visualize the hurdle a marketing team that is trying to promote a new product that the company had gotten a permit to manufacture and put into the market has to overcome. Nestle had been focusing lately on what is called functional or nutraceuticals baby food that has a dual purpose of serving as a nutritional breast milk substitutes while at the same time it has medicinal advantage that the children using the product will be benefited from.[6] The company did not want to come up with a new name for a product and what it did was it took one of its popular products Piltti and created a different version that is converted into a functional baby food and simply named it Functional Piltti. In doing so it added three ingredients, â€Å"selenium† which is a substance that helps the body get rid of harmful oxidants since it is a proven antioxidant that has the capacity to turn harmful radicals that appear in the body into innocuous water and oxygen.The second ingredient it added was â€Å"nucleotides† whose main function is helping the growth of good bacteria in the gut so that the gut can fight bad bacteria and this ingredient is available in breast milk enabling children to build a natural immune system. And when children are using breast milk substitute formula, unless this substance is added they could be vulnerable to many kind of diseases, one of the reasons breast milk advocates had been highlighting , although it could be solved by simply introducing this substance into baby foods, which nestle did.The third ingredient was â€Å"beta-carotene† whose main function is to create a fortified immune system in the body since it is an antioxidant and it also helps in developing good vision early on, as well as it adds to the good development of the skin. [7] These are ingredients that are supposed to raise the eyebrows of mothers and their pediatricians who are mostly responsible for recommending what kind of baby food formula is good for the newborn children.From the outset the team knew that it has a winning product on its hand and this product is expected to cannibalize the regular Piltti in the long run, which is a little bit cheaper, but it is also presumed to beat many of the competing products that have not yet introduced functional baby food products in their baby food product line, even if their catching up quickly is imminent.However, until that happens the team was a ware that there would be a window of time the company could do a quick profitable business. They have everything at their disposal except that they were aware of the WHO Code, which stipulates rules that make all the areas where an effective promotion could have taken place off limit.They are not allowed to have a direct contact with pregnant women or mothers of small children, although in today’s marketing campaigns that might not be essential, yet sometimes it is possible to come up with events where a close interaction between the marketing team and those who would be firsthand users of their product would have been possible. Because not only they can educate the mothers about their products but also they can give out samples and gifts that will build good relationship, which the code prohibits nonetheless.[8] It is not only that they cannot advertise using the known methods where they can put their ads on billboards, distribute brochures, or give out samples. All that can be carried out is through approved institutions by the WHO Code and if any of the allowed institutions are engaged in giving out free samples that are allowed to receive free samples from the manufacturers they have to make sure that there will be enough supply for the involved mothers for as long as they need it.This is so because this tactic had been highlighted where marketers and distributors of baby food products would usually start giving out free samples and if the mothers become dependent on it at the earlier stage of their breast feeding days and avoid breast feeding it will affect their ability to produce milk leading to their forced dependency on the substitute, which would mean they will be forced to buy the breast milk substitute products. Those who might not afford it could harm the normal growth of a child, which is a justifiable cause to be concerned about.[9] Therefore, there are very limited channels the marketing team could be promoting through and spotting those channels is very important. In addition, it is important the marketing team as well as the company should know that their new product should aim at those that are four months old and higher in normal circumstances and the only exception is when the mothers are not in a position to do breast-feeding for various reasons, there are no wet nurses, and at times access to breast milk banks might not be available since there are some of them in some communities.This would mean their marketing interaction is severely limited to interacting with health care personnel only and it is through them their would be customers will be educated to use their product as advertising to the general public is not allowed. Marketers do not have permission to show their existence at the point of sale, put posters, or any other means of advertising to promote their products.They cannot solicit mothers directly or indirectly or cannot give them gift nor free samples. Even if the health care system has the di scretion of recommending the use of breast milk substitutes, they cannot allow their workplace for promoting any kind of such products. Nor any of the staff of such establishments have permission to accept any money from distributors and manufacturers of such products.But at least if the authorities see it beneficial they can make arrangement where pregnant women and mothers of young children to be educated or to be informed by a sales team, but the purpose of the meeting is far from pitching a product and it will be educational, where they will always be advised there is nothing better than breast-feeding for the newborn children. The labels on the products should not display a child’s picture and labels should clearly describe what the ingredients are, how to prepare it, and at what kind of temperature to store the product.In addition, they have to testify that the substitute does not come near to breast-feeding and the message will have to be to the point, without idealizi ng the breast milk substitute. The overall scenario when promoting baby food formula resembles medicine where there are go betweens who are the health officials and the authorities, and manufacturers of medicine target physicians when it comes to promoting their product since they are the ones who would subscribe it to their patients.Furthermore, almost no medicines are available without prescription, even if there are a few over-the-counter products. With the same token, even if the breast milk substitutes could find their way into grocery stores or even drug stores where anyone can pick them off the shelf without prescription, the consumers of such products could get their information from health workers only or from the labels that are required to follow some procedures, and marketers should not try to reach the direct consumers who are mothers of young born children or expectant mothers.Therefore, the team only had to approach a given number of institutions, mostly health establ ishments, where they are allowed to distribute their samples, gifts, and educational material so that the health officers will be informed about the benefit of their products and pass it on to the mothers of the young children.Due to this restriction the cost and the effort involved in marketing a baby food brand is not very high since they are not allowed to put billboards on the highways of several comminutes, or they do not have to advertise on TV, print, or are not allowed to print brochures and distribute them to the public, but they can pass such material to the health officials to help them with their educating the mothers. Hence, the undertaking would not be expensive since doing it in a continuous basis until the product becomes popular is not required as the case is when promoting other products.Instead, what is involved here is arranging an appointment with the involved officials or at times, all it might take is visiting these establishments in person that might number l ess than hundred. Since such officials are not allowed to ask any payment directly or indirectly that also saves the company a lot of money and it can focus only on samples and at times gifts, to be given to the mothers through the health officials in a form of utensils and the like. Nevertheless, giving physicians bonus is a common practice in the pharmaceutical industry since it is through them all the manufactures are selling their products.When it comes to baby food market it is not allowed, yet the sales team had started taking note to see if there will be some that will qualify in the long run for a preferential treatment and if there is a possibility of getting around the restriction to introduce a bonus even if the code prohibits it, but since it is a marketing scheme there has to be some way of compensating some of the health care workers who would choose to recommend the particular Nestle product for their clients when there are other competing products, because even if Fu nctional Piltti is new in the market, it might not take more than three months for the other manufactures to come up with similar products. Consequently, the job of the sales team is cut out for them where they have made a list of the establishments that are responsible for advising mothers and expectant women what kind of breast milk substitute to use. The job of the establishments that are medical and health care centers, hospitals and private pediatricians is to educate the mothers when to start mixing the breast milk substitute with their breast-feeding and what quantity and frequency to use, a knowledge they would acquire from the manufacturers and from their own experience as a health care officials.There is always a department at the bigger institution that will deal with the various marketers and when the need arises it is possible to arrange a one-on-one appointment and the promoting and the education process could take any form and any length of time. But the anticipated e nd result is in due time the company will start selling its products, either through the drug stores of big hospitals and health centers that can arrange to receive a shipment or the mothers will have to go and buy it from outside market once it is recommended to them by the health officers. And here the other job of the sales team will kick in because they have to go around to talk with the retail establishment, big and small, in the cities they are operating, which will require an extended travel as sometimes they have to cover the outskirts of the city as well as the outlying regions.There is a huge competition to get space in the crowded shelves of retailers that will have to be convinced that the product is worth their recommendation and meets all the legal requirements to be sold for the public, which is part of the job of the sales team to furnish proof and explanation. This is also a very crucial part of their job, although at times it could be done through the distributors. However, the smaller retailers that are not chain stores might have to be approached individually or it might be the job of the distributors to convince them to carry the new product that should attract many buyers because of what it is offering, which is not only unique but functional foods are new even for the general food market that is catering for the adult buyers.After doing that, the particular brand depending on its popularity might start to sell itself, where distributors and retailers would want to put it in their stock and on their shelves because it is selling well, and when that point is reached the sales team could say their job is partially done, but they can still search for new locations and retailers in the same regions or in other regions. The conclusion is the baby food market is a highly regulated market and it is similar to the pharmaceutical market where manufacturers do not have a direct access to the buyers and users of their products, because of the sensit ive nature of what is involved, which is the life of young children whose growth could be harmed irreversibly if they are not given what they exactly need for their normal growth from the beginning.Even if there is no outright opposition to the existence of the breast milk substitutes, the authorities and other concerned groups would have preferred if mothers start using it between four and five months, but since that might not be possible because of the nature of the life of the mothers themselves who could be working outside of the home, which will result in their being time strapped, and instead of preparing food for their children at home it will be easier for them to pick the substitutes form the various stores and mix the feeding process with their own breast-feeding since it is proven to be vital for the children. Similarly, the existence of the breast milk substitutes will become handy for children whose mothers cannot breast-feed them for various reasons that were mentioned earlier, and in their case the breast milk substitute will come close to breast milk and they will grow up healthy as there are sources that are saying even if people simply wanted to believe that breast milk is better for the child and it will create some kind of bondage between mother and child, in reality the substitutes are proven scientifically to be as good as the breast milk if not better.Therefore, any company that is selling baby food, which has a global market of close to $21 billion a year will have to go over many hurdles to put the substitute on the hands of the mothers that will use it to feed their baby properly and everyone will be benefited at the end of the day. [10] REFERENCE 1. Nestle in Northern Europe. Retrieved from the Web on April 5, 2007. www. nestle. se/neobuilder/200108091943_6622_3b72cbb9544e1. html 2. Baby Food Business Assessment. Retrieved from the Web on April 5, 2007. www. researchandmarkets. com/reports/3492 3. Baby Food Industry Lobbies WHO. Retr ieved from the Web on April 5, 2007. www. bmj. com/cji/content/full/321/7273/1411 4. The Ecologist. Retrieved from the Web on April 5, 2007. www. theecologist. org/archive_detail. asp? 5. International Code. Retrieved from the Web on April 5, 2007. www. ibfan. org/english/resource/who/fullcode. html 6. Nestles Market War.HighBeam Encyclopedia. Retrieved from the Web on April 5, 2007. www. encyclopedia. com/doc/1G1-131934511. html 7. Breast Feeding. Retrieved from the Web on April 5, 2007. www. geocities. com/HotSprings/spa/3156/code. htm 8. Health Workers and the Baby Food Industry. Retrieved from the Web on April 5, 2007. www. bmj. com/cji/content/full/312/7046/1556 9. Nestle Public Relation Machine Exposed. Retrieved from the Web on April 5, 2007. www. babymilkaction. org/boycott/prmachine. html 10. Health-Conscious-Drive-Baby-Food-Market-Growth. Retrieved from the Web on April 5, 2007. www. rncos. com/Press_Release/Health-Conscious-Drive-Baby-Food-Market-Growth-July. htm

Psycho Dynamic Model of Abnormality Essay

Psychodynamic model of abnormality- the Oral, Anal and Phallic stages of development. Freud suggested that psychological development in childhood takes place in a series of stages that occur throughout fixed periods of time, his theory suggests children develop though psychosexual stages which involve conflict which must be resolved. The Oral stage: This is the first stage of development which occurs at the age of 0-1 years. In this stage the mouth is the source of pleasure for the libido, at this age babies tend to gain comfort by doing things such as biting and chewing toys, breastfeeding etc. Feud also believed that oral stimulation could lead to oral fixation later on in life, for example behaviours such as smoking, biting nails etc. The Anal stage: This stage of development occurs at the age of 1-3 years. The child is now aware that their wishes and needs can bring them into conflict with the demands of the outside world indicating that an ego has developed. In this stage the libido is focused on the anal source of pleasure, conflict tends to come to a head in potty training when parent’s restrictions and going to the toilet in the right place at the right time are imposed on the child, Freud believed over strictness about forcing the child during potty training and cleanliness can cause anal fixation and obsessive behaviour later on in life. The Phallic stage: This stage of development occurs at the age of 3-6 years. Feud suggested that at this stage children become aware of their genitals and the libido is focused on this idea, suggesting that the child becomes aware of emotions such as jealousy, rivalry and fear and erotic attraction. This stage also focuses on the Oedipus and Complex’s. These behavioural types of development were suggested by Freud, the Oedipus complex which focuses on boy’s behaviour and desire to parents, and the Electra complex focussing on girl’s behaviour and desire towards parents. The Oedipus complex: Freud suggested that during the phallic stage young boys and girls go through a stage of desire for their parents, the Oedipus complex outlines the idea that boys develop strong desire for mother, they then Notice a strong bond between parents and Become jealous of father and afraid of the father who might discover the boys true feelings and fearing the punishment of castration is Resolved by identifying with the father. The Electra complex: During the stages of this complex Freud suggested that briefly, the girl desires the father but discovers she does not have a penis which leads to penis envy she then blames mother for her lack and transfer’s love from mother to father, the feelings are then repressed and Resolved by the girl Identifying with mother to become like her.

Cleopatra and the Peasant

Cleopatra and the Peasant Free Online Research Papers The French Romantic painter Eugene Delacroix painted the beautiful and vivid â€Å"Cleopatra and the Peasant† in 1838. This impressive piece of art draws the viewers’ attention through its superb style, choice of vibrant colors, and its emotional tone. Paul Valà ©ry once said, â€Å"The veritable tradition in great things is not to repeat what others have done, but to rediscover the spirit that created these great things.† In his masterpiece, Eugà ¨ne Delacroix finds inspiration in William Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Antony and Cleopatra, and uses this prototype to depict Act IV, Scene II. The motivations of the characters in Shakespeare’s play are parallel to the motivations of the two figures in Delacroix’s Cleopatra and the Peasant. Not only does the play influence Delacroix’s artistic style, but it shapes the painting itself (Johnson 81). The late 1800s brought about a new age of art as well as a new Romantic attitude. It started as an artistic and intellectual movement that emphasized a rebellion against established values such as social order and religion. Romanticism exalted individualism, imagination, and emotions emotion over reason and senses over intellect. Artists of the time, including Eugà ¨ne Delacroix, enjoyed depicting the extreme (Athanassoglou-Kallmyer 62-63). Whether it be the heroes of ancient Greek myths, the remote passage of St. Gothard, or the noble Washington as he crossed the Delaware, Romanticism depicted what ordinary people only dared to imagine. In Delacroix’s Cleopatra and the Peasant, the viewer observes the sense of wonder that denotes a painting of the Romantic era (Trapp 338). Delacroix’s artwork, similarly to Shakespeare’s, first draws the audience’s attention to Cleopatra. When viewing Delacroix’s Cleopatra and the Peasant, the eye instantly falls upon the beautiful, white face of the queen. Her pristine skin illuminates the chamber in which she sits and her jewelry sparkles brilliantly. Luxurious jewels adorn her right arm, her neck and her crown, reinforcing the contrast with her pale flesh as well as giving away her royal status. Delacroix immediately bestows upon her an almost immortal persona with her radiance and extensive signs of wealth. Shakespeare paints a similar picture of the fair queen within his play. The audience first sees Cleopatra in her Alexandrian Palace, as eunuchs fan her and her court stands around her. Immediately Shakespeare establishes her nobility and her importance. To Antony, she is worth his reputation; she is worth everything he owns. He risks his country, his name, and his pride for her lo ve. Cleopatra’s beauty and sexuality, which, as Enobarbus points out in his famous description of her in Act II, scene II, is awe-inspiring. However, Cleopatra, captured by the Romans, faces humiliation, degradation, and belittlement as she sits in her chamber. Her love, Antony, has fallen at the hand of Caesar, while she, his beautiful wife, waits captive. The Romans plan to parade her through their streets, destroying the status she has held for so long, and to perform a play about her in which Cleopatra will be played by a young boy, belittling her royally (Shakespeare 133). Above all else, her lover has been killed; she has a choice to make. This ambiguity between a life of humiliation and death is what Delacroix’s has tried to depict. At second glance of his painting, the viewer notices that darkness exists there. Shadowed, her most beautiful feature contrasts her glow, suddenly changing the once-noble gaze to an ominous stare. Focusing on no object in particular, Cleopatra instills worry in her viewer’s heart. A looming darkness made up of blacks, browns, and tans forces her to the left side of her ornate chair. As she rests on her right arm, Cleopatra beckons the audience to discover the motivation for the sudden sense of doom. The eye travels left to the burly figure serving his queen. A male servant stands, slouched with a basket in hand. One first notices the contrast in his darkened face. An unrestrained beard provides an unbounded masculinity. Dark, monstrous muscles and huge, knotty hands add to his manliness. His rough face casts shadows over his jagged collarbone and dirty fingernails. Where Cleopatra possesses light pinks and blues to highlight her skin, this peasant possesses red. In every corner of his body, Delacroix uses shades of red and burgundy to delineate and elucidate. He wears a red garment about his waist and a rugged leopard skin over his shoulder, concealing the basket he presents to the queen. Interestingly, in the play, the peasant’s name is Clown. When one thinks of a clown, a sense of exaggeration comes to mind. Delacroix’s character definitely possesses embellished characteristics. He brings comfort to his queen, and this is apparent in his stance and sm ile. A closer look at the peasant’s load reveals the image of a snake nested in the basket of fig-leaves and fruit, raising her head between the man’s muscular right arm and his spotted pelt. The snake’s writhing form seems to be the only moving object in the painting and together with its green and yellow scales make it the painting’s most realistic element. Once the snake’s presence is noted, the painting has new significance. It becomes evident that Cleopatra’s face is turned towards the basket of figs and her solemn facial expression is probably influenced by the presence of the snake. Nevertheless, the peasant’s smile now looks somehow inviting and it creates the impression that he is offering the basket of figs to Cleopatra. Yet, despite the unusual offer, the Egyptian queen’s expression does not show any trace of fear. Shakespeare writes a brief scene between the queen and Clown which clarifies that the â€Å"pretty worm of Nilus† has a bite from which those bitten â€Å"seldom or never recover† (134). As soon as Clown convinces Cleopatra of its certain danger, she sends him out. She has the information she needs; her plan is set. Before the servant leaves the chamber, he emphasizes the snake’s power, â€Å"Look you, the worm is not to be trusted but in the keeping of wise people, for indeed there is no goodness in the worm† (135). Still Cleopatra bids him leave. On his exit, the peasant wishes the queen the â€Å"joy o’ th’ worm† (135). This final comment adds just the right amount of irony to the entire situation, and the viewer can detect this irony in the peasant’s strange stare. Stepping back and viewing Delacroix’s piece as a whole with a vague sense of what is about to take place, a viewer notices small details that fortify his dark hypothesis. Elements such as the dirt under the man’s fingernails, the individual fingerprints, and the folds of skin above his knuckles become more apparent and lucid the closer they are to the snake. The snake appears to be highlighted by detail. More symbolically, the peasant’s left hand is uncovering the basket, and above this hand, the dark leopard skin folds over to reveal perfect whiteness. This portion of the fur is the lightest, smoothest feature on the left side of the painting, luring the woman. The queen cowers from the darkness behind her denoting the terrible events which have occurred, and that she is turning to her only means of escape. To highlight the themes of his work, Delacroix employs a great deal of contrast in his painting. The space behind Cleopatra and the peasant is entirely painted in dark colors. By concealing any details about the background, the artist emphasizes the significance of this moment between Cleopatra and the peasant. The peasant wears a slight smile that contrasts with the woman’s solemn stare. The clear size contrast between the figures creates an intense feeling and gives the impression of uncertainty. The queen, the image of paramount femininity, chooses death over a darkened life while his peasant, a seemingly brutish juggernaut, offers her a simplistic solution. Delacroix contrasts beauty and ugliness, illustrating the juxtaposition of the sublime and the grotesque. In between the two he places that which is deadly, symbolically contrasting life and death in the mind of the entranced Cleopatra, whose next move is imminent. In Shakespeare’s writings, as Cleopatra ap plies the asp to her bosom she cries to the guard, â€Å"Peace, peace! Do you not see my baby at my breast, that sucks the nurse asleep?† She dies instantly (Shakespeare 150). The two contrary individuals create a balanced irony as the eye races over their chamber. Cleopatra and the Peasant leads us to discover the complexities Delacroix so ingeniously hid in the work and their correlation to Shakespeare’s play. Delacroix’s subtle clues, hidden in the delicate details not only lead the viewer to the source of Cleopatra’s suffering, but also to the beauty and mystery behind her actions. Delacroix’s interpretation of Shakespeare’s play contains a level of genius that is apparent through his style, rich, luminous color, vibrant brushwork, and turbulent composition that nevertheless contribute to the intense emotional tone of the painting. After viewing Cleopatra and the Peasant one possesses a deeper understanding of Shakespeare’s tone as well as his themes of honor, reason, and emotion. Athanassoglou-Kallmyer, Nina Maria. Eugà ¨ne Delacroix: Prints, Politics and Satire (1814-1822). New Haven: Yale University Press, 1991. Johnson, Lee. The Paintings of Eugà ¨ne Delacroix: A Critical Catalogue. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986. Shakespeare, William. Anthony and Cleopatra. Ed. A.R. Braunmuller. New York: Penguin Books , 1999. Trapp, Frank Alexander. The Attainment of Delacroix. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1970. Research Papers on Cleopatra and the PeasantHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementWhere Wild and West MeetMind TravelAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeThe Spring and AutumnThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andComparison: Letter from Birmingham and Crito

What to Wear to a Job Interview

What to Wear to a Job Interview When you head off to a job interview, in whatever guise, what you wear is just as important as what you say. Look at it this way – your clothes and the way you present yourself are a reflection of who you are, your personality, how seriously you take yourself and life, and in the end, how seriously you would take the job you’re being interviewed for. It’s for this reason that you need to pay serious attention to what you wear to your upcoming interview. We know that interviews themselves are scary things, but you can put yourself ahead of the competition if you present yourself in the right way. Of course, you could be attending an interview in a variety of different circumstances, be it for a part time job on top of your studies, in order to earn a little extra cash, or it could be that you’re looking to start your career on a full-time basis, and you’re being interviewed for your first job. Whichever of these you fall into, or somewhere in the middle, check out these suggestions for what to wear to power you to success. Research the company It’s not just about what to say or write in cover letter when you are interviewed in terms of the company and its ethos, but also about what their dress code is. You need to fit in with this as soon as possible, and that starts at the interview. Google is your friend here, so do a little investigating and put yourself ahead of the game. This shows initiative and will stand you in good stead. Some companies have a more relaxed dress code for work, but that doesn’t mean you should adopt this for your interview, simply try and incorporate it, whilst still being smart and well turned out. Which leads us onto †¦. being smart and well turned out Clothes should be in good condition, no rips or tears, and they should be ironed to get rid of any creases. If ripped jeans are in, don’t wear them – think smart and you won’t go far wrong. Basically, your appearance has to reflect your work ethic, but also hint at your own personality too, in a subtle but clear way. It’s a fine line, but one which when done correctly, works very well indeed. For instance, if you’re going for a part time job on top of your studies in a coffee house and you’re being interviewed for a barista job, power dressing won’t be the way forward; instead, you need to think about being smart, but also showing that you are an individual yourself and you can connect with the people you will be working with. It’s hard to give suggestions, because everyone’s personality is different, but a pair of black trousers with a brightly coloured shirt could show personality, however don’t go for neon because that doesn’t look good on anyone! Laid back but smart would be the way forward here, perhaps a patterned scarf would hint at your quirky nature. Don’t be inappropriate Flashing the flesh will not win you any fans, and it will probably turn your interviewers right off. Whilst you might be under the (rather false) impression that a cleavage on show might get you remembered, bear in mind that you will be remembered for the wrong reasons. Think classy and sophisticated, rather than trashy. As we hinted at before, you can express your personality, but tone it down! Nobody said you had to totally avoid showing your personality in your dress, but don’t be too ‘out there’ because it may not translate the same meaning as you intend. Clothing needs to be age appropriate, as well as appropriate for the situation. For instance, if you’re going for an interview for a law internship, you need to stick to the very professional and smart rules, such as a suit, tie, and dress shoes for the men, and a trouser suit, skirt, or dress to the knee or below for the girls. On the other hand, if you’re heading off for an interview in a funky art gallery, being too smart might not win you the right look. Grooming is just as important What you wear is imperative, but your general upkeep is too! Of course, we are talking about personal hygiene, having clean, tidy hair, having a shave for the boys amongst you, and generally smelling fresh and flowery, rather than as though you have just pulled a study all-nighter. Don’t forget this important step! Dressing for your interview is about knowing what kind of job you’re going for and tailoring what you wear accordingly. Do your research, show your personality a little, but always be smart. Good luck!

The experiences of World War 1 and why many opposed it Essay

The experiences of World War 1 and why many opposed it - Essay Example The World War 1 made many people have varied experiences starting from the soldiers, their families, children and various races involved in the war. The War had a mental and physical effect to both the soldiers and their families. Physically, many soldiers and civilians died in the course of the war. Their families lost the source of income while the children lost their loved ones, (Shaw, 111). Mentally, trauma was the main effect. In this case, many people who saw the massive killings took a long time to get through the incidence. As such, psychologies argue that some soldiers and civilian suffered depression and extreme cases of trauma. The soldiers suffered severe injuries on their bodies that left them traumatized. The soldiers went through a ‘shell shock’, which is an emotional shock that was a s a result of the horrors they witnessed. The soldiers saw and heard many things while fighting in the trenches, as they witnessed other soldiers scream in pain and agony, as they literary waited for their turn. Most of the soldiers crumbled to pieces, while others improved but continued to experience nightmares for the longest time. Wilfred Edwards in his poem quoted some of the experiences â€Å"(Gas! Quick, boys-An ecstasy of fumbling,Fitting the awkward helmets just in time;But somebody still was stumbling and yelling out  And struggling like a man in fire or lime)...† Such an experience is horrifying and can make one have nightmares for the rest of his life even after the War ends.

Research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 19

Research Paper Example They also serve to secure internet traffic. Just like a Wide Area Network, it connects multiple sites and servers over a long distance. The most important aspect of a virtual private network is its emphasis on privacy, because when a client computer connects to the internet through a VPN, its initial IP address is replaced by the one provided for by the VPN providers. For Example, a person’s physical location is Washington, but while using a virtual private network he appears to live in Brussels, this clearly shows that users obtain IP addresses from the area the VPN provides (Stewart 2011). In order to get access or connection into a virtual private network, one must have a username and password, mostly provided for by the service provider. On a computer, a VPN client is normally used, or you can access a special website, you enter your correct authentication details, then the computer exchanges information with the remote servers and once verification has taken place, connection happens and all the information and internet data is encrypted and secured from on lookers. Software developers have also developed applications for smart phones to also take advantages of accessing the internet safely through a VPN, by using certain protocols such as PPTP and L2TP/IPSec. Computers also uses PPTP VPN connections, OpenVPN and L2TP/IPSec protocols use an open source software known as OpenVPN client and authentication details configured into a certificate that you download and run on the client (Yuan & Strayer 2001). A virtual private network has many protocols of which can be utilized to secure the flow of information over a public network with the only difference between these protocols being how each keeps the data safe and secure (Geier 2014). IP Security protocol (IPSec), is one of the major protocols used to obtain a secure connection over the internet, it is a combination of many

Impacts of Culture on Learning and Epistemology Essay

Impacts of Culture on Learning and Epistemology - Essay Example As our class readings have explained, even the way that knowledge is acquired in the first place can have a profound effect on how that knowledge is understood, transmitted, retained, passed on, and applied in the future. For instance, in certain Asian cultures questioning the author, the text, or the instructor is considered unconstructive and/or rude (Lei et al, 2011). As such, this type of learning environment deeply affects the extent to which constructive skepticism takes place and may retard deductive reasoning abilities of the student to a certain degree (Zhu et al, 2010). This is not to pick one culture out from the group and point out its shortcomings; rather, the intention is to show that on aggregate, every culture has attributes that directly affect the way we perceive, understand and apply knowledge. Likewise, with respect to intellectual property and original ownership of a set of ideas, cultural differences allow for a wide array of interpretations. What would be consi dered cheating in many Western universities or institutes of higher education is not necessarily frowned upon elsewhere in the world as it is perceived that a positive benefit of learning is synthesizing other people’s work (even without attribution) into one’s own. Likewise, research methodology, argued by some to be an exact science which has withstood the test of time and continues to be a determining factor of success for many students, can perhaps be seen as the crux of the matter as it relates to knowledge, learning, and the cultural influences that benefit and inhibit each one of us (Kinasevych, 2011). For instance, while performing research within the rubric of a formalized research methodology, a student may have fewer inhibitions regarding liberally borrowing the work of another without proper attribution as this would be seen as a net positive and not necessarily a serious infraction of academic integrity (Jorge, 2011). Likewise, a student with a particular cultural background might be very hesitant to choose a thesis topic that would likely have a contesting view of that of their advisor. Again, none of these situations explain an absolute; instead, they are simply extant to remind the reader that cultural influences in the way we learn, maintain, question, and use the knowledge provided us have a major impact on how we view the world and interact with it. As has been evidenced through the course readings and lecture notes, culture and the way one learns so intimately affects the way in which one presents and understands information as it cannot be rightly overstated. Whether it is the particular/peculiar method of learning, differentiated attitudes towards borrowing of ideas (plagiarism), or the compound impacts of culture on formalized research methodology have a profound impact on how we view the world. As is the case with this author, I have grown up attending Western schools and learning Western concepts of how to attain, apply, and question knowledge from my earliest years. As such, I would be remiss if I did not discuss the most serious drawback that I see in my own cultural learning experience; the attitude towards plagiarism. Although it is inarguable

Home Homeless Housing

Home Homeless Housing This essay will begin by defining homelessness and who it affects. Following this will look at the National Assistance Act 1948 followed by The Housing (Homeless Persons Act) 1977 which imposed a duty on authorities to tackle the problem of homelessness. The Housing Act 1996 will be discussed and also various statistics given. The Homelessness Act 2002 will also be discussed and finally how the prevention of homelessness is seen as a priority for the government and the strategies which they have implemented to house the homeless. Most poor people live in some sort of home or permanent shelter. However, those who do not, the homeless, have become very visible in the streets of cities over the past twenty years (Giddens, 1997). According, to Giddens (1997), â€Å"Like poverty, homelessness isnt as easy to define as we might imagine. Two generations ago, most people still thought of ‘home as the family home. Homeless people were seen as individuals who lived in hostels on skid row. They were called homeless because they lived alone and rarely saw their families or kin†. Over the past 30 years, much more people have come to live alone by choice and therefore the homeless have become defined as people who have nowhere to sleep, and who either stay in free street shelters on a temporary basis or sleep in places not meant for habitation, such as doorways, on park benches, in railway stations or in derelict buildings (Giddens, 1997). Most of the homeless according to Giddens, (1997) â€Å"are people who find themselves on the streets because they have experienced personal disasters, such as parents or relatives and friends no longer able or willing to accommodate, breakdown of relationship with partner, mortgage default or rent arrears and loss of private rental dwellings and loss of service tenancy or other reasons†. Meanwhile, according to the housing action group Shelter, homelessness had grown by 300 per cent between 1978 and 1992 (Giddens, 1997). Local authorities in England and Wales registered 450,000 people as living without a semi-permanent residence during 1995 (Haralambos et al; 1995). Furthermore, according to Haralambos et al; (1995), â€Å"Shelter estimated there were a further 1.7 million unofficial homeless. These consisted of about 8,000 people sleeping rough, approximately 50,000 unauthorised tenants and squatters, 137,000 single people in hostels or lodgings, 77,000 insecure private tenants and about 1,200,000 people living with friends or relatives who needed a home of their own†. Although, not all of these groups would be left out from statistics on Low Income Families, but nevertheless, the rise in all types of homelessness would make a huge difference to the figures if the homeless were included. By this, it can be argued that some of the homeless are suffering from absolute poverty since they do not even have adequate shelter (Haralambos et al; 1995). The provision of more adequate forms of housing is of key importance in tackling homelessness, whether the housing is directly sponsored by the government or not (Giddens, 1997). According to Giddens, (1997) â€Å"regardless of why people are on the streets, giving them a place to live that offers a modicum of privacy and stability is usually the most important thing we can do to improve their lives. Without stable housing, nothing else is likely to work†. The National Assistance Act 1948 ended the Poor Law structure which supported the poor. However, it did not clearly deal with the homeless. For those who were without roofs over their heads they were dealt with by the social services departments (Walsh et al; 2000). As the housing departments felt they had no obligations to house homeless people, and with approximately 2 million people with inadequate or no housing at all after the Second World War (Walsh et al; 2000). By the late 1940s Britain witnessed some of the most serious civil disobedience towards the government, when thousands of people decided to squat on disused military bases and in empty properties (Walsh et al; 2000). Furthermore, the government ignored the problem of homelessness right through the 1950s, 1960s and early 1970s (Walsh et al; 2000). Successive governments either denied there was an issue with homelessness, or they saw the homeless, as people who had brought this condition upon themselves (Walsh et al; 2000). Meanwhile, families who were taken as being homeless by the local authority social services department were housed in temporary or emergency accommodation until they could solve their own housing situations. Furthermore, after a period of time, if their situation had not improved and suitable accommodation found, children were at risk of being taken into care (Walsh et al; 2000). However, in 1977 a private members bill was passed by parliament which recognised homelessness, and set up a supporting structure for dealing with the problem. The Housing (Homeless Persons) Act 1977 was an important way forward to accepting the problems which poor people faced in obtaining housing (Walsh et al; 2000). According, to Carnwath, (1978), â€Å"The words ‘homeless and ‘homelessness, have been used in widely different contexts. They are sometimes used to include all those living in unsatisfactory conditions. Too wide a definition of homeless could tend to obscure the pressing needs of those who are literally without shelter, or are likely to lose in the immediate future what shelter they have†. Furthermore, Carnwath, (1978), The Housing (Homeless Persons) Act 1977 â€Å"transfers statutory responsibility for the homeless from social services authorities to housing authorities. It has become widely accepted over recent years that homelessness is primarily a housing problem, and the primary responsibility for dealing with it should therefore lie with housing authorities, who are naturally better equipped than social services authorities to provide a permanent solution. The effect of the Act will be to ensure that dealing with the problems of homeless will rightly become a normal part of day-to-day housing activities of every housing authority in the country†. The Housing (Homeless Persons) Act 1977 according to Walsh et al; (2000) â€Å"imposed a duty on local authorities to provide permanent accommodation for homeless families who were defined as belonging to ‘priority groups and to give ‘advice and assistance to other homeless people. A person or family was defined as homeless if they had no legal right to housing or if threats of violence prevented them from exercising that right†. Furthermore, Walsh et al; (2000) â€Å"In defining homelessness, the quality of housing was not taken into account, so people living in overcrowded housing, or even accommodation that was injurious to health, were not counted as homeless. The priority groups that had to be provided with permanent housing were, families with children, pregnant women and people sharing their households which could include a male partner, disabled people and elderly people†. In order to obtain housing, the priority groups had to prove to the authorities that they were not deliberately homeless. There was also concern that the Act was being manipulated by people in order to be placed on the ‘priority list (Walsh et al; 2000). This affected the chances of people on the ‘ordinary waiting list and who were living in poor conditions from being considered for housing as their conditions were not grounds for obtaining housing (Walsh et al; 2000). As a consequence of this a tightening-up of the provision of housing for the homeless was introduced (Walsh et al; 2000). Although more attention was being directed towards the young, single mothers who were jumping the housing lists and given priority, less notice was given to the volume of council houses being purchased by existing tenants in the 1980s and the fall in local-authority house-building, resulting in less properties available for rent (Walsh et al; 2000). The properties which had not been purchased and available for rent were on less desirable estates, and often the homeless were placed there (Walsh et al; 2000). By 1996, over 42% of all new local authority tenants were being attracted from the priority homeless groups (Walsh et al; 2000). By the mid-1990s there was strong disagreements to the 1977 and 1985 Acts and the Conservative government introduced the Housing Act 1996 (Walsh et al; 2000). The new Act according to Walsh et al; (2000) â€Å"introduced some very significant changes which made it more difficult for the homeless to be housed permanently. The definitions of homelessness and priority groups were largely retained, but instead of permanent accommodation, local authorities were only obliged to provide temporary accommodation for two years†. During that period, the persons or families in question had to make satisfactory attempts to re-house themselves, as the local authority were not required to provide continuing accommodation (Walsh et al; 2000). Furthermore, according to Walsh et al; (2000), â€Å"the accommodation that the local authorities would provide on a temporary basis was largely to be outside the local authority housing stock. The homeless were therefore to be housed in the private for-rent market, if that was possible, or in hostels, or in housing association properties†. With the decrease in size of the local authority housing stock and the governments Homeless Initiative of 1989 which allocated an extra  £250 million to reduce homelessness in England over a two year period, was directed at London and the South East, which were the main problem area (Balchin, 1995). Of this sum  £177 million went to local authorities to repair their empty properties and lease houses in the private sector for short term housing, and  £73 million to the housing associations for the same purpose (Balchin, 1995). Furthermore, voluntary groups were given grants to help the homeless, which totalled  £2 million in 1990-91 and  £6.1 million in 1992-93 (Balchin, 1995). A rough Sleepers initiative was started in June 1990 with an allocation of  £96 million over a period of three years, with a further  £86 million in 1992 to further the initiative until 1996 (Balchin, 1995). The funds provided hostel spaces and created more permanent move-on accommodation for peop le leaving hostel accommodation. More money was given to local authorities to increase the total number of places for former rough-sleepers in housing leased from private owners (Balchin, 1995). According to Balchin, (1995) â€Å"By mid-1992, the Rough Sleepers Initiative had provided about 850 places in hostels and over 1,200 in move-on accommodation, and a further 1,300 permanent places by December 1993. It is probable that the initiative was largely responsible for reducing the number of people sleeping rough in Central London from 1,046 in January 1991 to 440 in March 1992†. However, with the improvements success, the initiative had only a slight effect on the total problem of homelessness. At the time of its launch, Shelter, according to Balchin, (1995) dubbed it a â€Å"sticking plaster over the wound of Britains growing housing shortage, while the Institute of Housing said that the initiative was ‘calamine lotion to cover the spots†. In December 1989 extra measures to tackle homelessness was announced in Wales. To use the Homelessness Reserve of over  £4 million in an effective way, local authorities were encouraged to submit offers involving partnership schemes with housing associations, and support for voluntary organisations was increased to  £580,000 in 1992-93 (Balchin, 1995). A three year programme to help young single homeless people in Cardiff to find and retain permanent accommodation was started worth  £800, 000 (Balchin, 1995). Meanwhile, in Scotland  £15 million was allocated in the early 1990s to fund projects to tackle homelessness (Balchin, 1995). In 1992-93,  £7.5 billion was spent funding 44 projects which included the supply of emergency hostels, follow-on accommodation, and furnished tenancies in Edinburgh and other places, which provided accommodation for 700 homeless people. Other measures to deal with homelessness included the Flats over Shops Initiative and a system to use homes repossessed by mortgage lenders for accommodating homeless families (Balchin, 1995). However, according to Balchin, (1995), â€Å"The policy measures involved comparatively little public expenditure. The largest of these, the Homeless Initiative, involved expenditure of only  £250 million ‘a paltry sum when measured against the scale of the problem, it was clear that the government was ‘skimming the surface of the problem, instead of tackling the root cause by investing more money in housing†. The Homelessness Act, (2002) which forms the main part of the governments plan for dealing with homelessness in England and Wales, gives more protection to those who are in priority need for housing, such as families, and gives people more choice in the housing they are allocated. The Act furthers the list to include 16 and 17 year olds and 18 to 21 years old who are care-leavers, as well as people who are vulnerable as a result of fleeing violence. Local authorities have a duty to carry out a homeless review, and develop a homeless strategy for the area to prevent homelessness, and provide accommodation and support to people who are or may find themselves homeless. Furthermore, the Homelessness Act, (2002) is considered to be the most important piece of government legislation introduced on housing and homelessness since the Housing Act 1996. Under the Housing Act 1996 (Part VII) and the Homelessness Act 2002 councils must make enquiries to decide what legal housing obligations they have towards a person, and what other help they are entitled to receive as a result of their homelessness application. According, to Communities and Local Government, (2008) â€Å"An extra  £9.6 million to help rough sleepers make a permanent move away from the street was announced by Housing Minister Caroline Flint. The funding will support an additional 11 projects and 2 existing ones to improve and build new hostels and homelessness services across the country, helping homeless people back into independent living by giving them new skills and training†. Furthermore, according to Communities and Local Government, (2008), â€Å"It brings the total investment under the Governments Places of Change Programme to  £80 million over the next three years which will deliver 80 schemes, transforming hostels and homelessness services†. The Housing Minister visited the newly refurbished St. Mungos Endell Street Homeless hostel, which was given  £3.24 million under the previous round of programme, to find out from the residents how the centre had made a difference to their lives (Communities and Local Government, 2008). According to Balchin, (1995) â€Å"It is therefore important to increase the supply of low-cost housing by putting empty houses back into use and to embark upon new house building programmes. Outside of central government, there have been several initiatives taken to reduce the number of empty dwellings. Funded by voluntary organisations, the Empty Homes Agency was set up in 1991 in an attempt to accommodate homeless families in some of the countrys then, 760,000empty houses and flats. The agency aimed to put the owners of empty houses in touch with housing associations subsequently letting them to homeless people nominated by local authorities†. Homelessness acceptance figures show that they have gone down gradually from 35,770 in the third quarter of 2003 to 15,240 during October and December 2007. This is due to effective homelessness strategies and prevention methods implemented by Local Authorities in England (Communities and Local Government, 2008). Statutory Homeless Statistics for 0ctober to December 2007 were down 12 per cent in acceptances compared with the same period the previous year (Communities and Local Government, 2008) Furthermore, the number of people living in temporary accommodation has gone down since the end of 2005, after a time when the figure had stayed the same at around 101,000 and was below 80,000 at the end of December 2007 (Communities and Local Government, 2008). Other statistics show that 87 per cent of households were in self-contained accommodation, 66 per cent in private sector accommodation, 20 per cent in accommodation by social landlords and 9 per cent were in hostel accommodation and womens refuges. Just 5 per cent of households in temporary accommodation were in bed and breakfast accommodation (Communities and Local Government, 2008). And also, 76 per cent of households in temporary accommodation included dependent children and 92 per cent of these were in self-contained accommodation. (Communities and Local Government, 2008) As the prevention of homelessness is a priority for the government they aim to reducing the number of households in temporary accommodation to 50,500 by 2010 (Communities and Local Government, 2008). Since July to September 2003 the figure of households accepted as homeless under the homelessness legislation has gone down by 54 per cent and the number of households in temporary accommodation has fallen below 83,000, the lowest level since July 2002 (Communities and Local Government, 2008). These achievements are due to huge Government investment in services to prevent homelessness and also by continually supporting local authorities and voluntary sector agencies (Communities and Local Government, 2008). The Governments funding for local authority homelessness grants has increased by 23 per cent from  £60 million in 2005-06 to  £74 million in 2007-08, thus bringing the total investment in prevention to  £200 million over three years (Communities and Local Government, 2008). In conclusion, there have been significant policies implemented across the UK to deal with homelessness in recent years, and with legislations from the government and strategies from authorities to tackle homelessness the governments target of reducing the number of households in temporary accommodation will be achieved by the date set. References Balchin, P. (1995). Housing Policy an introduction, Routledge, London Carnwath, R. (1978). A Guide to the HOUSING (Homeless Persons) ACT 1977. Charles Knight @ Company Ltd. London Communities and Local Government, (2008), Housing. ‘Tackling and Preventing Homelessness. Available at: http://www.communities.gov.uk/housing/homelessness/tacklingpreventing/ Communities and Local Government, (2008), Housing. Homelessness trends, Homelessness ‘Acceptances. Available at: http://www.communities.gov.uk/housing/homelessness/homelessnesstrends/ Giddens, A. (1997). Sociology. Polity Press: Cambridge Haralambos, M; Holborn, M. and Heald, R. (1995). Sociology Themes and Perspectives, Collins Educational, London Homelessness Act, (2002). Available at: http://homelesspages.org.uk/kwds/keywords.asp?kwid=291 Walsh, M; Stephens, P. and Moore, S. (2000), Social Policy and Welfare. Stanley Thornes (Publishers) Ltd. Cheltenham